Human Resource Management Concepts

This collection of flashcards covers key concepts and theories in Human Resource Management, as discussed in the lecture.

What are the three phases of Human Resource Management (HRM)?

Acquisition, Maintaining, Developing.

What is the purpose of human resource planning?

To develop strategies for the firm's needs, such as recruiting more employees when demand is higher than supply.

What does workplace diversity entail?

It can be based on ethnicity, skin color, or sex and is not necessarily a negative aspect.

What is a job analysis?

The study of positions to understand job descriptions and specifications.

What does a job specification include?

The required qualifications and skills needed to perform a job.

What does a job description provide?

Clarity about a role's requirements.

What is the significance of recruiting in HRM?

It is the process of attracting qualified applicants for job positions.

What is meant by personnel in the context of HRM?

It is another word for employees.

What are the key components of maintaining employees?

Employee relations, compensations, and benefits.

What is selection in the hiring process?

The process of choosing the best candidate from applicants for a position.

What methods can be used to determine candidate selection?

AI filters, interviews, resumes, and references.

What is onboarding?

Integrating a new employee into the organization.

What does orientation involve?

Giving tours of the establishment, reviewing rules, and providing essential access information.

What are some benefits that organizations offer to employees?

Uniforms, holiday bonuses, overtime pay, company cars, and health care.

What is the responsibility of the EEOC?

To uphold federal laws prohibiting discrimination in the workplace.

What does Theory X propose about workers?

That people dislike work and require a highly controlled environment to function.

In contrast, what does Theory Y suggest?

That people are motivated to take responsibility and work towards organizational goals.

What is Equity Theory?

It states that people seek fairness and equal treatment in their work.

What is Expectancy Theory?

It is based on how much we desire something and how likely we believe we are to achieve it.

What is the purpose of Management by Objectives (MBO)?

It is a motivational technique where managers and employees set goals collaboratively.

What is Job Enrichment?

A method to motivate employees by increasing the variety of tasks and responsibilities.

What does Job Enlargement entail?

Expanding a worker’s assignments to include additional tasks as part of job enrichment.

What does employee development primarily involve?

Training, performance appraisal, and career development initiatives.

What is employee training?

The process of teaching employees new skills or improving existing ones to enhance job performance.

What is a performance appraisal?

A formal assessment of how well an employee is performing their job, often used for feedback, development, and compensation decisions.

What is the difference between direct and indirect compensation?

Direct compensation includes wages, salaries, commissions, and bonuses, while indirect compensation consists of benefits like health insurance, paid time off, and retirement plans.

What is employee separation in HRM?

The voluntary or involuntary termination of an employee's employment with an organization, which can include resignations, retirements, or firings.

What is Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

It suggests that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are caused by different sets of factors: motivators (e.g., achievement, recognition) and hygiene factors (e.g., salary, working conditions).

What is skill-based pay?

A compensation system that rewards employees for the skills they acquire and demonstrate, rather than just their job title.

What is a 360-degree feedback system?

A performance appraisal system where employees receive feedback from their supervisor, peers, subordinates, and sometimes customers, as well as a self-evaluation.

What is outsourcing in HRM?

The practice of contracting a third-party provider to manage specific HR functions, such as payroll administration, benefits management, or recruiting.

What is the concept of a 'learning organization'?

An organization that facilitates the learning of its members and continuously transforms itself.

What is industrial relations?

The relationship between management and workers or trade unions and the processes by which these relationships are regulated.

What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

A psychological theory proposing five tiers of human needs, often depicted as a pyramid, that motivate individuals: physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

What is Goal-Setting Theory?

A motivational theory stating that specific and challenging goals, along with appropriate feedback, contribute to higher and better task performance.

What is succession planning?

A process for identifying and developing new leaders or employees to replace current staff should they leave, retire, or be promoted.

What are the advantages of internal recruitment?

It can boost employee morale, involves lower recruitment costs, and current employees are already familiar with the organizational culture.

What is the purpose of a grievance procedure?

To provide a formal process for employees to voice and resolve complaints or disputes with management regarding their employment.