Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes

These flashcards cover the key concepts regarding the structure and function of plasma membranes, including definitions, functions, and important models.

What is a glycoprotein?

A protein with a carbohydrate attached.

What is a glycolipid?

A lipid with a carbohydrate attached.

What does the fluid mosaic model describe?

The plasma membrane as a fluid combination of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins.

What are the principal components of a plasma membrane?

Lipids (phospholipids and cholesterol), proteins, and carbohydrates attached to some of the lipids and proteins.

What characterizes a phospholipid molecule?

A molecule consisting of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphate-linked head group.

How do hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of phospholipids behave in water?

Hydrophilic regions are attracted to water, while hydrophobic regions cluster together away from water.

Why must the plasma membrane be flexible?

To allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change shape as they pass through narrow capillaries.

What functional role do integral proteins have in the plasma membrane?

They act as receptors to transmit signals and provide attachment sites for effectors such as hormones.

What is the significance of carbohydrates on the plasma membrane?

They allow cells to recognize one another, which is vital for tissue formation and immune response.

What is the difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins?

Integral proteins span the membrane, while peripheral proteins are attached to the membrane's exterior or interior surfaces.