NSG 5140- Emergency/Disaster Questions with 100% accurate solutions +rationales

Emergency

An event that requires a rapid and skilled response to protect the health, safety, and wellness of individuals and to limit damage to property and the environment.

Disaster

seriously disrupts the functioning of a community.

Anthropogenic disaster

disaster caused or produced by humans

agent specific approach

planning for threats in a specific geographic area ex. hurricaines

The all-hazard approach

prepare for any emergency or disaster that may occur.

Emergency Management Organization

- responsible for developing, coordinating, training and responding to emergencies in their province

Step 1: Prevention and Mitigation

- assessment of risks

- prevention strategies: prevent disaster from occurring

- mitigation strategies: reducing impact of disaster

risk

likelihood and consequence

vulnerabilities

- conditions determined by factors that increase susceptibility of communities to suffer

ex. poor construction, poor prep

Internal disaster

a disaster in which a healthcare facility itself is in danger or damaged and its function is impaired.

external disaster

Originates outside the health care facility and results in an influx of casualties brought to the facility.

external-internal

- occurs as result of external situation that triggers a response in the internal environment

What approach does an ERP use?

all hazards approach

incident command system

A predetermined structure that organizes available parties into one temporary organization to resolve an incident.

Hospital Incident Command System (HICS)

an organizational model for disaster management in which roles are formally structured under the hospital incident commander, with clear lines of authority and accountability for specific resources

Triage: Immediate (red)

- a condition that poses an immediate threat to life or limb

- respiratory distress, chest pain, bleeding, bad vitals

- resp over 30, cap refill over 2 sec, decreased LOC

Triage: Delayed (yellow)

- patient should be treated quickly but no threat to life

- pneumonia, fractures, lacerations

- resp under 20, cap refill under 3 sec, follow commands

Triage: Minor (green)

- can wait several hours without deterioration

- sprain, fracture- can ambulate

- oriented, resp under 21

Triage: Black

- expected to die

- no pulse or resp

Primary Survey

the initial assessment of airway, breathing, and circulation on a patient

A- airway

- patent airway

- cervical spine protected

B- breathing

- determines if ventilation is effective

- breath sounds, chest expansion, resp effort and chest wall trauma

C-Circulation

- assess HR, BP, perfusion

- threat to circulation

- IV access

ABCDEFGHI

A Airway

B Breathing

C Circulation

D Disability (neurologic status)

E Expose (remove clothing, keep the patient warm)

F Full set of vital signs

G Give comfort measures

H Head-to-Toe assessment I Inspect posterior surfaces

critical incident stress management (CISM)

Comprehensive approach to preventing and managing the emotional trauma that can result from involvement in a disaster response.

Debriefing

- occurs as part of the incident review within the first 24-72 hours

Bioterrorism

the use of biological agents, such as pathogens, for terrorist purposes

CBRNE event

situation in which weapons of chemical, biological, radiological nuclear, or explosive nature are used with goal of causing harm

Sarin

- Toxic nerve gas that can cause death within minutes of exposure.

- Enters body through eyes and skin.

- Acts by paralyzing respiratory muscles.

Mustard gas

- irritates eyes and causes skin burns and blisters

Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD)

- mix of explosives and radioactive material

outbreak

A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease

epidemic

A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.

endemic

confined to a particular country or area

pandemic

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

outbreak management

- contact tracing

- surveillance

- isolation

- quarantine