Theories, Therapies & Groups in Psychiatry chapter 2

Flashcards covering key psychiatric theories, therapies, models, and group concepts from Chapter 3 notes.

What are the three components of personality structure in Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, and what principles do they operate on?

The Id (operates on the pleasure principle, reflex action, and primary process), the Ego (acts as a problem solver, reality tester, and balancing force based on the reality principle), and the Superego (reflects moral and ethical concepts, values, and the moral component).

According to Freud's Mental Iceberg model, what specific elements reside in the unconscious level of awareness?

Fears, unacceptable sexual desires, violent motives, irrational wishes, immoral urges, selfish needs, and shameful experiences.

What are the key characteristics of defense mechanisms according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

They develop from anxiety, operate on an unconscious level, and deny, falsify, or distort reality to make it less threatening.

Which therapeutic methods and nursing concepts are emphasized in Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Therapy?

Therapeutic methods include free association and dream analysis to understand unconscious motivation. Important nursing concepts include transference, countertransference, talk therapy, and attentive listening.

What are the two main premises of Erik Erikson's Eight Stages of Development?

Personality continues to develop through old age, and failures at one stage can be rectified at another stage.

What are Erikson's developmental stages for Infancy, Toddlerhood, Preschool, and School-Age children?

Infant: Trust vs. Mistrust; Toddler: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt; Preschooler: Initiative vs. Guilt; School-Age Child: Industry vs. Inferiority.

What are Erikson's developmental stages for Adolescents, Young Adults, Middle-Age Adults, and Older Adults?

Adolescent: Identity vs. Role Confusion; Young Adult: Intimacy vs. Isolation; Middle-Age Adult: Generativity vs. Stagnation; Older Adult: Integrity vs. Despair.

According to Harry Stack Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory, what primary purpose does all human behavior serve?

All behavior is aimed at avoiding anxiety and threats to self-esteem.

What is the role of the therapist in Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)?

The therapist acts as a "participant observer" to guide and challenge maladaptive behavior with an emphasis on relationship issues.

How did Hildegard Peplau differentiate between "The Art of Nursing" and "The Science of Nursing"?

The Art of Nursing provides care, compassion, advocacy, and enhances comfort and well-being. The Science of Nursing applies knowledge to understand human problems and psychosocial phenomena, relieve suffering, and promote growth.

What three specific behavioral therapies are highlighted in behavioral theory applications?

Systematic desensitization, aversion therapy, and biofeedback.

What does each letter in Albert Ellis's ABCD approach for Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) represent?

A = Antecedent or activating event; B = Belief about the event; C = Consequence of belief; D = Refute the false/irrational belief.

What is the primary focus and objective of Aaron Beck's Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

CBT tests distorted beliefs and changes ways of thinking to reduce symptoms.

Based on the comparison table of brief psychotherapies, how do Psychodynamic Therapy and Behavioral Therapy differ in treatment focus, therapist role, and typical length?

Psychodynamic Therapy focuses on unresolved past relationships and core conflicts, features a therapist acting as a significant other/transference object, and lasts 20+ sessions. Behavioral Therapy focuses on learned maladaptive behavior, features a therapist acting as an active, directive teacher, and typically lasts fewer than 10 sessions.

What are the five levels in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, listed from the most basic physiological needs to the highest level?

1. Physiological needs (air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction); 2. Safety needs (personal security, employment, resources, health, property); 3. Love and belonging (friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection); 4. Esteem (respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom); 5. Self-actualization (desire to become the most that one can be).

What is the key principle of the Biophysiological Perspective (Biological Model) in psychiatry?

It proposes that psychopathology results from a physiologic condition, primarily a deviation in the CNS, involving a complex interplay among genetics, temperament, development, brain circuitry, biology at the molecular level, and environment.

What is Milieu Therapy and what elements are essential to healing in this model?

Milieu Therapy is the therapeutic use of the total environment. The people, setting, structure, and emotional climate are all important to healing.

What three primary leadership styles can be present in group therapy?

Autocratic leader, Democratic leader, and Laissez-faire leader.

What are Yalom's eleven curative factors of group membership?

Altruism, Cohesiveness, Interpersonal Learning, Guidance, Catharsis, Identification, Family Reenactment, Self-Understanding, Instillation of Hope, Universality, and Existential Factors.

Which group therapy types can be led by a Basic Level Registered Nurse, and who typically leads self-help groups?

A Basic Level RN can lead psychoeducational groups, medication education groups, health education groups, symptom-management groups, stress-management groups, and support groups. Self-help groups are usually led by lay members who share the same issue or problem.