KIN1600 FINAL EXAM-FROM LECTURE NOTES

Fitness

Ability to respond to physical demands.

Skill-related fitness

Fitness for athletic activities.

Health-related fitness

Functional fitness for daily living.

FITT principle

Framework for designing exercise programs.

Frequency

How often you exercise.

Intensity

How hard you exercise.

Time

Duration of your exercise.

Type

Kind of exercise performed.

Activity

Any movement requiring physical effort.

Exercise

Planned and structured physical activity.

Benefits of exercise

Improves longevity and quality of life.

US exercise guidelines

150 minutes moderate or 75 minutes high intensity weekly.

Cardiovascular fitness

Heart health and oxygen delivery.

Muscular fitness

Strength and endurance of muscles.

Neuromotor fitness

Coordination for daily activities.

Flexibility

Range of motion in joints.

Body composition

Ratio of fat weight to lean muscle.

Core training

Strengthening muscles from neck to lower back.

Cross training

Using one sport to enhance another.

RICE

Rest, ice, compression, elevation for injuries.

Excessive exercise

Not allowing enough rest between workouts.

Exercise bulimia

Purging calories through excessive exercise.

Wearable technology

Devices that track physical activity.

Push-up

A bodyweight exercise popularized during COVID.

Corporate fitness

Workplace programs promoting employee physical health.

Exercise is medicine

Concept emphasizing exercise's health benefits.

Immune system boost

Exercise enhances body's defense against illnesses.

Exercise plan challenges

Common issues include unrealistic expectations and soreness.

Week 3 dropout

Many abandon fitness plans by the third week.

All-night gyms

Facilities catering to those avoiding crowds.

Habit change

75% of personal transformation involves altering habits.

Caloric deficit for weight loss

Eliminate 3,500 calories to lose one pound.

Healthy weight loss rate

1-2 pounds weekly without hunger.

Expecting failure

Anticipate setbacks but strive for consistency.

Alcohol as a depressant

Alcohol slows down brain activity and mood.

Marijuana

Most commonly used illegal drug.

Set and setting

Context influences drug effects on individuals.

Tolerance

Increased substance amount needed for same effect.

Withdrawal symptoms

Physical effects when a drug leaves the body.

Addiction definition

Compulsive substance use despite negative consequences.

Non-substance addiction

Behaviors like gambling or shopping can be addictive.

Limbic system

Brain region involved in addiction and pleasure.

Dopamine

Neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and reward.

Stages of addiction

Progression from experimentation to dependence.

Cue-triggered relapse

Environmental triggers cause relapse after abstinence.

Cross-addiction

Substituting one addiction for another.

Addict vs. drug abuser

Addicts require treatment; abusers have periodic loss of control.

College student addiction

Full-time students face higher addiction risks.

Common student addictions

Alcohol, Adderall, marijuana, and ecstasy are prevalent.

Addiction consequences

Can lead to academic issues and personality changes.

Opioids

Pain-relieving drugs with no medical usage.

Narcan

Medication that reverses opioid overdose effects.

Krocadile

Desomorphine that severely damages skin.

Fentanyl

Opioid 100 times stronger than morphine.

Depressants

Drugs that slow down brain function.

Tolerance

Body's reduced response to a drug over time.

Drug Substitution

Using one drug to reduce cravings for another.

Stimulants

Drugs that enhance cognitive function and energy.

Cocaine

Stimulant that increases dopamine levels.

Crack

Cocaine form that leads to rapid addiction.

Hallucinogens

Drugs that cause hallucinations and altered perception.

Empathogens

Drugs like MDMA that enhance emotional connection.

PCP

Dissociative drug causing detachment from reality.

LSD

Classic psychedelic drug causing visual hallucinations.

Marijuana

Drug with THC, used for various medical purposes.

Inhalants

Substances inhaled for psychoactive effects.

Solvents

Liquids that vaporize to create inhalable fumes.

Aerosols

Sprayable substances used for inhalation.

Nitrates

Inhalants used for sexual enhancement.

Bagging

Inhaling substances from a bag for intoxication.

Huffing

Inhaling chemicals from a soaked rag.

State Dependence

Learning information under drug influence.

Cross Addiction

Switching addictions from one substance to another.

Cardiovascular System

System responsible for blood circulation.

Arteries

Blood vessels carrying blood away from heart.

Veins

Blood vessels returning blood to the heart.

Capillaries

Tiny vessels delivering blood to tissues.

Systemic Circulation

Blood flow to organs and tissues.

Pulmonary Circulation

Blood flow between heart and lungs.

Heart Attack

Deprivation of blood to heart muscle.

Stroke

Interruption of blood supply to the brain.

Aneurysm

Weak bulge in a blood vessel.

Congestive Heart Failure

Heart's inability to pump blood effectively.

Arteriosclerosis

Thickening and stiffening of arterial walls.

CVD

Leading cause of death globally.

Cancer

Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.

Carcinogen

Substance that directly causes cancer.

Tumor

Mass of abnormal tissue growth.

Benign

Non-cancerous tumor that doesn't spread.

Malignant

Cancerous tumor that spreads throughout the body.

Metastasis

Spread of cancer from original site.

Chemotherapy

Drug treatment targeting cancer growth.

Radiation Therapy

Using radiation to kill cancer cells.

Immunotherapy

Using immune system to fight cancer.

Skin Cancer

Most common cancer, often due to UV exposure.

Melanoma

Deadliest skin cancer type.

HIV

Virus attacking the immune system.

Antiretroviral Medication

Drugs used to manage HIV infection.

Pathogen

Microorganism causing disease.

Virus

Smallest pathogen requiring a host cell.