Histology and integumentary system

Histology

study of tissues

cells

Tissues are made up of groups of the same ...

cytology

study of cells

4 basic types of tissues

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

2 main components of tissues

cells (unique to tissue type)

extracellular matrix (ECM)

epithelial tissues

- supported by connective tissue beneath basement membrane

- avascular, regenerative

- covers surfaces

- protect, excrete, secrete, absorb, filter

simple epithelial

one layer of cells attached to the basement membrane

stratified epithelial tissue

multiple layers of cells

regeneration

lots of friction on epithelial cells, so lots of ... is needed

squamous

flat and scale like

cuboidal

cube shaped

columnar

taller than wide

simple squamous location

kidneys

simple squamous function

simple diffusion

simple cuboidal location

kidney/thyroid

simple cuboidal function

absorption and secretion

simple columnar location

digestive tract, gallbladder

simple columnar function

secretion and absorption

exocrine glands

connected to pore outside of body; sweat

endocrine glands

Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream; adrenal

pseudostratified ciliated columnar function

secretes/propels mucus; sweeps away material

pseudostratified ciliated columnar location

nasal cavity

stratified squamous keratinized location

epidermis

stratified squamous keratinized function

protection

stratified squamous non-keratinized location

mouth and esophagus

stratified squamous non-keratinized function

protection

stratified cuboidal function

absorption and secretion

stratified cuboidal location

ducts of salivary glands

transitional epithelium location

urinary bladder

transitional epithelium function

distention

connective tissues

protects, supports, and binds structures and organs; highly vascular (except cartilage), extensive ECM

collagen fibers

provides tensile strength

elastic fibers

gives tissues distensible properties

reticular fibers

network for support

three main types of protein fibers in connective tissues

collagen, elastic, reticular

loose (areolar) connective tissue function

support and protection

loose (areolar) connective tissue location

walls of hollow organs

dense irregular CT function

resist stress from all directions

Dense Irregular CT location

around joints

dense regular CT location

tendons/ligaments

dense regular CT function

resist unidirectional stress (parallel fibers)

reticular CT location

lymph nodes/spleen

reticular CT function

internal stucture/support

Adipose CT function

insulation/shock absorption

Adipose CT location

heart and abdominal organs

cartilage

tough, flexible tissue; avascular

Hyaline

most common type of cartilage

hyaline

smooth surface of joints, rib connections

Fibrocartilage

reinforces ligaments, substance of intervertebral disks

elastic cartilage

flexibility, retains shape (ear lobe)

Hyaline cartilage function

support/protection

hyaline cartilage location

costal cartilage, nose

elastic cartilage location

ears

elastic cartilage function

maintain shape

fibrocartilage location

intervertebral discs

fibrocartilage function

support/protection

bone

Hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae. Very well vascularized.

blood

transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances

anucleate

rbc look like donuts bc they are ...

three types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

skeletal

voluntary, striated, branched

cardiac

involuntary, striated, branched

smooth

involuntary, unstriated, unbranched

two cells that make up nervous tissue

neurons and neuroglia

neurons

impulse conducting

neuroglia cells

supporting