bi205 muscles of the appendicular skeleton

functions of the appendicular musculature

• stabilizing the pectoral and pelvic girdles

• moving the upper and lower limbs

• absorbing shocks and jolts as you walk, run or jump

• aiding in strengthening the joint area

the two major muscle groups of the appendicular musculature

muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper limbs, muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs

the action line of the entire deltoid

abduction at the shoulder

action line at the scapular deltoid

extension and lateral rotation

action line at the clavicular deltoid

flexion and medial rotation

action line at the triceps brachii

extension and adduction

action line at the biceps brachii

flexion

muscle that inserts close to the joint, movement and torque

spurt

muscle that inserts far away from the joint, stability and movement

shunt

action line at the iliopsoas in the hip joint

flexion

action line of the gluteus medius and minimus

abduction

action line at the obturator externus

lateral rotation

action line at the tensor fasciae latae

medial rotation

action line at the adductor longus

adduction

action line at the hamstring group

extension and lateral rotation

muscle groups of the pectoral girdle and upper limb

muscles that position the pectoral girdle, muscles that move the arm, muscles that move the forearm and hand, muscles that move the hand and fingers

rotates the scapula and extend the neck

trapezius

adducts the scapula

rhomboid

elevates the scapula

levator scapulae

protracts the shoulder

pectoralis major

protracts the scapula

serratus anterior

protects the scapula

subclavius

abducts the arm

deltoid

abduction at the shoulder

supraspinatus

lateral rotation at the shoulder

infraspinatus

medial rotation at the shoulder

subscapularis

extension and medial rotation at the shoulder

teres major

lateral rotation and adduction at shoulder

teres minor

adduction and flexion at the shoulder

coracobrachialis

adducts, flexes, and medially rotates at shoulder

pectoralis major

extension, adduction, medial rotation at shoulder

latissimus dorsi

what does the rotator cuff consist of

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

extension at the elbow

triceps brachii

flexion at the elbow and supinates the forearm

biceps brachii

flexion at the elbow

brachialis

flexion at the elbow

anconeus

pronates the forearm

pronator teres

supinates the arm

supinator

flexion and adduction at wrist

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexion and abduction at wrist

flexor carpi radialis

flexion at wrist

palmaris longus

extension and adduction at wrist

extensor carpi ulnaris

extension and abduction at wrist

extensor carpi radialis

pronates the forearm and hand

pronator quadratus

muscles that move the hand and fingers pass through these which are located within the wrist area

synovial tendon sheaths

muscles within the anterior compartment of the upper arm

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

muscles within the posterior compartment of the upper arm

triceps brachii

muscles within the forearm in the anterior superficial compartment

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, palmaris longus, pronator teres

muscles within the forearm anterior deep compartment

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

muscles within the forearm lateral compartment

brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus

muscles of the forearm posterior compartment

abductor pollicis longus, anconeus, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicis, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, supinator

muscle groups of the pelvis girdle and lower limbs

muscles that move the thigh, muscles that move the leg, muscles that move the foot and toes

muscle groups that move the thigh

gluteal group, lateral rotator group, adductor group, iliopsoas group

extension and lateral rotation at the hip, inserts within the tensor fasciae latae via the iliotibial tract to the tibia

gluteus maximus

abduction and medial rotation at the hip

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

extension of the knee and lateral rotation of the leg

tensor fasciae latae

lateral rotation and abduction of the hip

obturator muscles, piriformis, gemelli muscles

lateral rotation of the hip

quadratus femoris

adduction and flexion at the hip

adductor brevis

adduction and medial rotation at the hip

adductor longus

adduction at the hip

adductor magnus

flexion and adduction at the hip

pectineus

flexion and medial rotation at the knee, adduction and medial rotation at the hip

gracilis

flexion at the hip

iliacus, psoas major

extensors of the knee are collectively called

quadriceps femoris

muscles that extend the leg

vastus muscles (vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis)

extends the leg, flexion at the hip

rectus femoris

flexors of the knee are collectively called

hamstrings

flexes the leg, extension at the hip

biceps femoris

flexes the leg

semimembranosus, semitendinosus

flexor of the knee, allows crossing of the lower leg, flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the hip, not part of the quadriceps

sartorius

medially rotates the hip, not part of the hamstring

popliteus

muscles that originate on the distal end of the femur or on the tibia or fibula but yet move the foot and toes

extrinsic muscles of the foot

muscles that originate on some aspect of the foot but yet move the toes

intrinsic muscles of the foot

dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot

tibialis anterior

plantar flexion

gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus

plantar flexion and eversion of the foot

fibularis brevis, fibularis longus

plantar flexion and inversion of the foot

tibialis posterior

the gastrocnemius and the soleus insert into the _______ which inserts onto the calcaneus

calcaneal tendon

these stabilize the tendons in the tarsal area

superior and inferior extensor retinaculum

the muscles within the anterior compartment of the thigh

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, sartorius, vastus medialis

the muscles within the medial compartment of the thigh

adductor longus, adductor magnus

muscles within the posterior compartment of the thigh

biceps femoris and semitendinosis

muscles within the lateral compartment of the lower leg

fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

muscles within the superficial posterior compartment of the lower leg

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

muscles within the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg

popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

muscles within the anterior compartment of the lower leg

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus