Unit 6 Terms

Imperialism

a stronger country taking over a weaker country

Colonialism

the acquisition and exploitation of territory by a foreign power for its own economic and political benefit

Hausa

a minority group in Nigeria located towards the Northern

Yoruba

a minority group in Nigeria located towards the southwestern part

Igbo

a minority group in Nigeria located towards the southeastern part

Niger River Valley

a fertile area of land created by the Niger River of West Africa; How Nigeria got its name, primary river valley of that region

Sokoto Caliphate

an islamic caliphate that came into Northern Nigeria to take over the local groups

Scramble for Africa

the time period where European countries rushed to Africa in competition for natural resources and claims of colonial land

Berlin Conference

an official attempt to establish guidelines and borders for colonizing Africa

Cecil Rhodes

famous British colonizer who went into Africa and formed a bunch of African colonies

King Leopold II

Belgium; colonized the Congo in a gruesome way; wanted to extract rubber from trees, would force Congo people to painfully extract it and brutally punish them

Belgian Congo

a colony of Belgium that was controlled in a gruesome way; King Leopold was the ruler

Protectorate

an area of indirect control

Lagos colony

a full controled area by the British; one of the main three regions of rule in Nigeria

Southern Protectorate

What the Lagos colony combines with initially

Northern Protectorate

what the Southern Protectorate formed with to form the Nigeria colony

colonial rule

direct rule using British officials and run with British government structure; complete control of political, economic, and social-cultural decisions by colonizing countries

Manchu

an ethnic group from the north that become the leaders of the Qing Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

the Chinese dynasty run by the Manchu people

Queue

a special hairstyle that all Manchu men were required to wear.

Emperor Kangxi

an emperor that promoted stability and prosperity in Qing Dynasty; brought back Confucian ideals, Manchu, confronts the arrival of Western traders; Southern Inspection tours

Emperor Qialong

multicultural emperor, oversaw massive expansion of China, loved/supported artists financially, “High Qing”

Canton Trade System

a means for Qing China to control trade with Western countries; foreigners can only trade with hongs

Hongs

specialized merchants who had trade privileges in the merchant districts of Canton

Imbalance of Trade

Britain trades tea, silk, and porcelain from China but the Chinese only want silver

Canton

a port city in Southeastern China

The British East India Company

A British trading company that had a monopoly on Asian trade

Ambassador MacCartney

British official in China who negotiated with Qianlong

Commissioner Lin

Chinese official responsible for banning opium use/sale

King George III

King during Canton Trade System that dealt with the start of opium trade

Queen Victoria

Queen during opium wars

First Opium War

begins in 1840 after Commissioner Lin bans the sale, trade, and use of Opium in Canton. British continued to import.

Treaty of Nanjing

result of China’s loss of first Opium War; Hong Kong becomes a British colony, China must pay sum of money to British gov/merchants, British gains access to 5 new Chinese ports

Extraterritoriality

do not have to follow Chinese law

Hong Kong

British colony until 1997; now China

Era of Unequal Treaties

a series of treaties that were forced on the Chinese by the British; increased Western influence

Taiping Rebellion

Anti-Manchu uprising started by Chinese Christian movement; outlawed opium, alcohol, slavery, footbinding etc; 20 million Chinese died

Self-Strengthening

Chinese movement in three parts where military and economic reforms were adopted by the Chinese

Shinto

the way of the kami; not exactly a religion but deeply rooted in Japanese culture

Amaterasu

Sun Goddess who the Japanese emperors were descended from

Kami

Shinto spitits, deities, gods etc

Feudal System

Japanese social hierarchy that consisted of emperor, shogun etc

Emperor

top of feudal system, descended from Amaterasu, figurehead

Shogun

held the real power in the Japanese feudal system, climbed the ranks

Daimyo

nobles who have land to rule and protect; hired samurai

Samurai

hired by daimyos to protect land, rose to power in 12th century, loyal and disciplined

Bushido

“The way of the warrior”

Seppuku

ceremonial suicide; a samurai vow

Warring States Period

a period in Japanese history where there were a lot of civil wars and uprisings

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

fought as a samurai under daimyo, completed the unification of Japan in 16th century, passed on leadership to his son, but it was taken by Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa Ieyasu

founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate by taking over the council of elders, moves the capital to Edo from Kyoto; created a stable central government

Tokugawa Shogunate

250 years of peace, political, social order; rise of cities, commerce, education, agriculture etc

Alternate Attendance System

daimyo are forced to live in the capital, Edo, every other year because shogun is afraid of revolt

Tokaido road

main highway between Tokyo and daimyo’s districts; used heavily by daimyo during A.A.S; merchant superhaven

Sakoku

closed country; Japan isolates itself from Western Influence

Commodore Perry

who President Filmore sent to Japan to seek new market for US goods; demanded Japan to open ports with ships

Blue Eyed Devils

What the Japanese called the invading Westerners to ridicule them

Tengu Perry

how the Japanese mocked Commodore Perry to look like a Goblin

American “Black Ships”

Japanese depictions of American ships where they make the ships look like monsters

Treaty of Kanagawa

Signed one month after Commodore Perry came in; opened 2 Japanese ports to Americans and gave them trade rights in Japan

Meiji Restoration

a period in Japan where Japan rapidly industrialized and changed politically and economically. Emperor is restored to power

Sino-Japanese War

Japan becomes imperialist towards China, tries to take Korea, wins

Russo-Japanese War

Russia wants a warm-water port from Japan; Japan defeats Russia for Manchuria, gives Japan respect as a world power.