Studied by 10 people
What was the attraction of ‘Manchuria’?
Security buffer to Russia (protect mainland from potential Gain markets to help withstand global depression- silk industry hit hard from WSC- battle against 3 million unemployed + poverty
Raw materials: coal, iron, timber allow for increased trade exports
Gain living space for Jap population (overpopulated)
What happened in Manchuria 1931?
Explosion on section of Jap owned S Manchurian railway (mukden incident)
kwantung army blamed on chinese nationalists
evidence suggests it was staged by kwantung
Kwantung army had excuse to invade
jap gov tried to stop, but army didnt listen and pushed further
What were the results of the manchurian crisis for japan?
Pyle says ‘turning point’ for japan
shows jap abandonement of international cooperation and washington treaty system
jap started to admire nazi germany- resentment for opposing sov russia
jap signed ‘anti cominterm pact’ with nazi germany
Results of manchurian crisis for manchuria and china?
1932 beginning under complete jap control- puppet state under pu yi
1932 fighting between jap and chinese forces in shanghai- thousands of casualties, china forced to withdraw
How did chinese gov respond to crisis?
tried to appeal to league, boycott products- not effective
Jiang believed japansese ‘disease of the skin’, communists disease of the heart- wanted to sell space to buy time- agreement accepted borders
How did jap gov respond to crisis?
benefited economically
huge cost maintaining army in china- increased taxes at home
public support for army undermined gov
Descent into the ‘dark valley’
Military power undermined gov even more
military split into 2 groups: radical and moderate
radical: koda-ha, imperial way faction
military dictatorship with emporer
ussr enemy
spiritual army training
moderate: tosei-ha, control faction
legal means to get military influence in gov
ussr good relations
modernisation of army
Internal contest for power in japan- assassinations of prime minister + more (may 15th incident) destabilised gov
Which group maintained control?
tosei-ha under hirota koki
Sino-Japanese war 1937
at marco polo bridge near beijing- fighting broke out
full scale war with china
rape of nanjing- appalling atrocities committed by japan
Results of sino jap war for japan
Jap wanted to annihilate nationalists in china
underestimated outrage of events like rape of nanjing + size of china
1938 jap declared manchukuo creation
Jap resources drained in war
After 1938
Jap wanted Europe colonies
1940 jap signed tripartite axis pact- agreed that ger and italy would dominate europe and jap east asia
ended up confirming borders with soviets
still in war w china- dont want to lose
why did jap attack pear harbour 1941?
economic concerns due to war w china
split between expanding to gain resources from european colonies
negotiations w us- washington wanted japan to respect territorial integrity of neighbours
amidst negotiations- huge naval task force prepared to secretly attack if negotiatinos failed
pearl harbour 1941
jap bombers attempte to destroy us pacific fleet- to try make us temporarily helpless to resist japanese expansion
destroyed 90% but not aircraft carrier capability
as they attacked pearl harbour- jap attacked other places too
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Flashcard (24)