Honors Biology - Cells Quiz 1 Study Guide

Components of original cell theory

All living things are made of at least one cell, The cell is the basic unit structure and function of all living things, Cells come from pre-existing cells

Structure of nucleus

Hollow sphere, 2 phospholipid bilayers, nuclear pores

Function of nucleus

Protects DNA

Location of nucleus

Large Central circle in cell

Nuclear membrane

Two phospholipid bilayers with nuclear pores

Nuclear pores

Holes in the nuclear membrane

Structure of nucleolus

Protected by the nucleus

Function of nucleolus

Makes rRNA, helps make ribosomes

Location of nucleolus

Smaller circle in nucleus, dark circle inside

rRNA

Ribosomal RNA

The 2 biomolecules that make up ribosomes

Proteins, nucleic acids (rRNA)

The 2 segments of ribosomes

Large subunit, small subunit

The 2 locations ribosomes are found

RER and  cytoplasm

Why ribosomes are on the RER

Protein is going to be secreted outside of the cell

Why ribosomes are in the cytoplasm

Protein is going to be used inside the cell

Structure of Rough ER

Folded membrane r

Function of Rough ER

Folds polypeptide chains

Location of Rough ER

Attached to nucleus

Why Rough ER is attached to nucleus

mRNA doesn’t have to travel far (less chance of getting destroyed), rRNA doesn’t have to travel far, made in nucleolus (less energy)

Structure of Smooth ER

Folded membrane s

Function of Smooth ER

Makes lipids, breaks down drugs/toxins

Location of Smooth ER

Attached to Rough ER, attached to nucleus

Structure of secretory vesticles

Membrane s

Function of secretory vesticles

Move/secrete “stuff” out of cell

Location of secretory vesticles

From the golgi to the cell membrane

Structure of transport vesticles

Membrane t

Function of transport vesticles

Move “stuff” around inside of cell

Location of transport vesticles

From the rough er to the golgi

Two parts of a phospholipid

Phosphate, fatty acid tails

Chemical property of a phosphate

Polar

Chemical property of fatty acid tails

Non-polar

The part of a phospholipid that is hydrophilic

Phosphate

The part of a phospholipid that is hydrophobic

Fatty acid tails

Structure of golgi apparatus

Folded membrane g

Function of golgi apparatus

Modifies and Packages the protein into a secratory vesticle

Location of golgi apparatus

Floats in cytoplasm (not attached to nucleus)

Organelles that are non-membrane bound

Ribosomes

Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus

Why it matters that ribosomes do not have a membrane

Prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane-bound organelles in them

Gene

Segment of your DNA that tells you how to do or make 1 thing

Process of transcription

mRNA makes a “quick/cheap” copy of the DNA to take to ribosomes

The meaning of m in mRNA

Messenger

Why mRNA is a quick/cheap copy

Quick, only one side of the DNA and only a copy of 1 gene. Cheap, replaceable, if destroyed it can be replaced

Process of translation

Ribosomes “read” mRNA to make a polypeptide chain 

Role of ribosome in process of translation

Follow the directions from mRNA to create the polypeptide chains and do its job

Role of mRNA in process of translation

Acts as directions for the ribosomes to use to make polypeptide chains

Role of amino acids in process of translation

The monomer that is being put in order based on the mRNA copy by ribosomes

Role of the polypeptide chain in process of translation

The product of translation

Process of exocytosis

The secretory vesticle merges with the cell membrane and releases only the protein outside of the cell 

What happens to the secretory vesticle during exocytosis

The secretory cell merges with the cell membrane