Classification of matter

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Homogenous

Composition that appears uniform throughout (visually)

Heterogeneous

Components do not have a uniform composition (visually)

Element

(Homogeneous) Simplest type of matter that consists of one type of atom. Pure Substance.

Compound

(Homogeneous) Consists of two or more elements always chemically combined in the same proportion. Pure substance.

Solution

(Homogenous) Made of two parts, solute and solvent, solute is made up of small particles that can pass through filters or semi-permeable membranes. It is a Mixture.

Pure Substance

Matter consists of just one type of atom, Molecule, or compound.

Mixtures

two or more different substances are physically mixed.

Colloid

(Heterogeneous). A mixture having particles that are moderately large; those particles CAN pass through filters but CANNOT pass through semi-permeable membranes.

suspension

(Heterogenous). A mixture with solute particles that are large enough and heavy enough to settle out and be retained by BOTH filters and semi-permeable membranes.

Tyndall Test

- How can we determine a Solution, Colloid, or a

suspension

• Solution-* negative Tyndall test * (beam of light is either stopper or Shines

through with out Scattering)

• Colloid-* Positive Tyndall test (beam of light is scatered and we

can see it

• Suspension-*negative Tyndall ail test * (beam of light is Stopped)

Particles will eventually settle to the bottom

Physical Change

A change in which the physical properties [like state, size, or appearance] of a substance change but its chemical identity stays the same

Chemical change

A change during which the original substance is converted into a new substance that has a different composition and new physical and chemical properties

Phase changes (physical changes)

Boiling- Liquid to gas

Evaporation- liquid to gas

Condensation- gas to liquid

Melting- solid to liquid

Freezing-liquid to solid

Sublimation- solid to gas

Deposition- gas to solid

Mechanicals change (physical change)

like breaking, bending, twisting, scratching, etc.

Dissolving

always a physical change

crystallization (physical change)

from a solution that has dried up

Chemical changes

Bubbles forming

Color change

Temperature change

Fire or explosion

Formation of a precipitate (solid that comes out of a solution because it can no longer stay dissolved)

Odor change (odor by itself is a physical properties but if it changes then it is chemical)

Intensive properties

independent of the amount of substance

- It doesn’t matter how much you have, these properties stay the same!

- We use these to identify substances

- Ex: color, boiling point, density [the density of gold is always 19.3 g/ml]

Extensive properties

depends on the amount of substance

- Ex: Mass, length, shape