Textile Quiz 2 - Protein Fibers

Angora Goat:

a long warm fiber that was once used for kings, sil klike fiber from hair of angora goat, high sheen, luxury fiber, diamond fiber, blended with others especially wool, tabet and turkey, 16^th century, 1800 us, 1960, most durable of all animal fibers, releases moisture, plan resistant, does not fade easily, biodegradable, younger goat can produce finer longer softer fabrics,

Cashmere Goat:

soft fine fiber, luxurious wool, comes from and undercoat of the cashmere goat, low in shine, grey brown and white, rare production, 13^th century, 19^th century popular, silky and fine, drapes well, retains warmth, weaker than wool and mohair, pilling, absorbs moisture like wool, flame resistant, takes dye well

Camel:

worn by desert travelers to protect from heat, golden tan shade, tents, carpets, coats and suits first in the fashion industry, light weight, smooth, excellent insulating, sensitive to chemicals than wool, take natural dyes well,

Llama:

less fine and soft than alpaca, south America, shades of brown but contain specs of black and white, native to andes mountains, Peruvians, lightweight, soft and fine, durable, difficult to process, weakens under sunlights, shrinks easily,

Alpaca:

rare natural animal fiber softer than cashmere, premium fiber, light fine, warm, variety of colors, rare to find it in industry, blened with silk and mohair,andes mountains, llightweight, smooth, soft, felts like wool, durable, 3-5 times warm than wool!!!!!! Breathable, flame resistant, takes dye well

Vicuna:

rare nd delicate fiber, undercoat of te vicuna. Orange brown , natural color, royaltys, fiber of the gods, softer and more delicate than cashmere, retians warmth, not pill, dries quickly, flame resistant, easily damage when dyed, biodegradable,

Muscox/Qiviuto:

are underwool, lightweight, fine, spun into pure yarn, blended with moreno, production is limited, north America and Greenland, overhunted, soft, durable, 8x warmer than wool, dryer than wool, takes dye well, odorless, does not shrink or felt,

Angora Rabbit:

fluffy feel, flexible hair, various colors are available, fur, blended with other woos, lightweight, soft and silky, very thin and fine, retains warmth, hard to dye, absorbs and release moisture

Which protein fiber is 3-5 times warmer than wool?

Alpaca

Wool:

Winter fiber commonly used in suits and knit fibers, 200 breeds available, crimp and wavy, oldest domestic animal, spring or early summer, treated with chemicals, bleaching, weaker than cotto nand flax. Strength decreases when wet, hold shape well, absorbs moisture than cotton, irritant to skin, shrinks, biodegradable,

Silk:

Oldest known lucury fiber, Moth catipillars, queen of fabrics, Only natural filament !!!!, Soft shiny and smooth, 5000 years, Silk was a currency

Which is the only natural filament fiber?

Silk

T or F? flax fibers are shorter than cotton

False

T or F? Natural cellulose has better wet strength than dry strength

true

What is the structure of silk?

Triangular cross section with rounded corners

What does Wool look like under a microscope?

scales that are visible along the edge

What is Spider Silk?

spiders of the Nephila and Araneus families: exceptional strength, elasticity, and biodegradability

What is the diameter of wool fiber?

varies from 10-50 micrometers

What cross-linked protein is wool?

keratin

How is wool produced?

Wool is produced in about 100 countries ranging from small family-owned farms to large-scale commercial operations.

What is Virgin wool?

wool that has never been processed

What is wool?

new wool or wool fibers reclaimed from knit scraps, broken thread, and noils

What is recycled wool?

scraps of new woven or felted fabrics that are garnetted (shredded)

What is shoddy wool?

comes from old apparel and rags that are cleaned, sorted, and shredded

What is the most important use of wool?

adult apparel

What is the protein of silk called?

fibroin

Is silk or wool easier to identify through a microscope?

Wool

What are the two groups in an amino acid?

amino group + carboxyl group

proteins are composed of …..

amino acids

Properties of Protein Fibers:

Resiliency: resist wrinkles, wrinkles hang out, fabrics hold shape

Hygroscopic: comfortable in cool damp climates, moisture prevents brittleness in carpets

Weaker when wet: handle carfeully in wash, wool loses 40% of strength, silk loses about 15%

Specific Gravity: fabrics feel lighter than. cellulose fabrics of same thickness

Harmed by Alkali: use neutral or slightly acid soap or detergent, perspiration weakens fibers

Harmed by oxidising agents: chlorine bleaches damage fibers, sunlight causes white fabrics to turn yellow

Harmed by dry heat: wool becomes harsh, brittle, and scorches easily (use steam), white wool and white silk yellow

Flame resistant: does not burn easily, self-extinguish, odor of burning hair, forms a black crushable ash

About Merino wool:

• most valuable wool

• 3 to 5 inches long and very fine

• 43% of “merino” wool comes from Australia

Where is U.S fine wool produced in?

Texas + california

How many breeds of sheep are there?

15

About Crimp:

• Merino fibers: 30 crimps/inch; low quality wool: 1 to 5 crimps/inch

• Related to cohesiveness, elasticity, resiliency and loft

• Water absorption decreases crimp (wool is a bicomponent fiber)

• Fiber lose resiliency when wet

Where is wool produced?

Australia: 27.4%

New Zealand: 13.9%

China: 11.9%

Eastern Europe: 8.1%

U.S.: 0.9% (ranks 10th)

% of uses

- Only 0.7% of all fibers used in the U.S. is wool

•About 68% of wool is used for apparel

•About 11% of wool is used for home furnishing

•About 14% of wool is used for carpet

•About 7% of wool is used for industrial