AP CHEM big ideas 3 quiz

evidence of a chemical change

• change in odor, color, or heat

• production of bubbles, a gas, a precipitate/solid, light

• chemical identity changes from what it was originally

evidence of physical change

• change in physical state of matter ( like s to L)

• is reversible by physical means

• the chemical identity of the substances remain the same

compounds with … are soluble

NH4+, NO3-, group 1 and 17 ions

all compounds containing _ are soluble

alkali metal cations

All compounds containing NO₃⁻, ClO₄⁻, ClO₃⁻, and C₂H₃O₂⁻ anions are __

soluble

NH4⁺ (ammonium), NO3- (nitrate), group 1 ions, acetate, bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate (HCO3 -), and (ClO3 -) chlorate are __ in water

soluble

All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are …

Soluble except those containing Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, or Hg²⁺

All sulfates (SO4 2-)are…

Soluble except those containing Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ca²⁺, or Ba²⁺.

All hydroxides (OH-) are…

Insoluble except compounds of the alkali metals, and Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ba²⁺

All compounds containing PO₄3-, S²⁻, CO₃²⁻, and SO₃²⁻ ions are…

Insoluble except those that also contain alkali metals or NH₄⁺

acids ___ protons (H+)

donate

bases __ protons (H+)

accept

an acid’s conjugate base is it’s __

anion

a base’s conjugate acid is it’s _-

cation (with 1 more H+)

chemical reactions involve the formation of __ products

new

breaking bonds is ___

endothermic

forming bonds is __

exothermic

activation energy …

the PE, starting from reactants PE, that is needed to reach the top of the hill in reaction diagram

for exo and endothermic reactions, the system is __

where the rxn is taking place, in the chemicals themselves (surroundings is everything outside of that

SI unit for bond energy is…

kJ/mol

electrolytic cells are…

not spontaneous and need a power source to work/require a current

galvanic/volatic cells are…

spontaneous and generate current without a battery

always red__, an__

cat, ox

saltbridge cations go to the __

cathode

saltbridge anions go to the __

anode

electrons flow from the ___ to the ___

“anode” to ”cathode”

the electricity applied to a cell is __ to the amount of mass that a cathode/anode gains/loses

directly related

the mass loss (from the anode?) is ___ to the weight of the cathode or anode; ex since Ag has a greater molar mass than copper, Ag is going to lose more mass over time

equivalent

if a voltage/cell potential is high, each electron involved can do __ work than if the voltage is low

more

positive voltage means under STP, rxn is __

spontaneous

negative cell voltage under STP means rxn is ___

nonspon (consumes energy)