Notes for Final Exam (2).docx

Theology

A systematic reflection of reason on a supernatural religion, involving creed, code, and ceremony.

The Five Pillars of Islam

The central acts of worship in Islam, including Shahada, prayer, fasting, wealth sharing, and pilgrimage to Mecca.

Shahada

The Islamic declaration of faith stating 'There is no god except God. Muhammad is the final messenger of God'.

Allah

The Arabic name for God in Islam.

Qur'an

The Holy Book of Islam.

Covenant (in Judaism)

The promise made by God to the Jews that they would be His people if they kept the Law.

The Trinity

The doctrine that defines God as three divine Persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

Incarnation

The belief that Jesus Christ is one divine Person in two natures, human and divine.

Atonement

The Christian doctrine that through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, humanity is saved from sin and death.

Natural Moral Law

A moral framework that begins with human nature and uses reason to derive principles applicable to specific moral issues.

Beatitudes

A set of attitudes or sayings in the Christian Scriptures that provide the foundation for moral law.

Theodicy

The attempt to reconcile the existence of evil and suffering with the belief in an all-knowing, loving, and powerful God.

Redemptive value of suffering

The concept that acceptance of unavoidable suffering can have moral significance and lead to positive actions.

Sacrament

A symbol of God’s grace, particularly in the context of Catholic and Orthodox traditions.

Social Justice

The pursuit of a new social order based on love and justice, central to contemporary issues in religion.

Historical Jesus vs. Christ of Faith

The distinction between the historical figure of Jesus and the theological interpretation as the Christ within Christian faith.