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Integumentary System
The body's largest organ system, including skin, hair, nails, and cutaneous glands.
Epidermis
The superficial layer of skin composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Dermis
The connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis, rich in collagen fibers.
Hypodermis
Connective tissue beneath the dermis, not part of the integumentary system.
Thick Skin
Skin on palms and soles, hairless, with sweat glands and no sebaceous glands.
Thin Skin
Covers most of the body, hairy, contains both sebaceous and sweat glands.
Keratinocytes
Cells in the epidermis that synthesize keratin and comprise most of the epidermal cells.
Melanocytes
Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, a pigment that protects DNA from UV radiation.
Stratum Basale
The deepest layer of the epidermis, made of keratinocyte stem cells.
Stratum Corneum
The most superficial layer of the epidermis, composed of dead, water-repellent cells.
Apocrine Glands
Sweat glands located in specific areas that produce sweat with fat molecules, leading to odor.
Eccrine Glands
Sweat glands that are widely distributed and produce cooling perspiration.
Sebaceous Glands
Glands that produce sebum, an oily secretion that keeps skin and hair moisturized.
Striae
Stretch marks resulting from stretching of dermal collagen.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
The most common and least dangerous type of skin cancer, arising from the stratum basale.
Melanoma
The most deadly type of skin cancer, arising from melanocytes.
Burn
Damage to skin caused by heat, resulting in fluid loss, infection, and toxic effects of dead tissue.
Eumelanin
A type of melanin that is brownish black.
Pheomelanin
A type of melanin that is reddish yellow.
Cyanosis
Blueness of skin due to lack of oxygen.
Erythema
Redness of skin due to increased blood flow.
Pallor
Pale or ashen skin due to reduced blood flow.
Nail Matrix
The tissue located at the base of the nail responsible for nail growth.
Cuticle
The eponychium, which protects the nail matrix.
Terminal Hair
Coarse, pigmented hair found on scalp, armpits, and pubic areas after puberty.
Vellus Hair
Fine, unpigmented hair found on most of the body, particularly in women and children.
Integumentary System
The body's largest organ system, including skin, hair, nails, and cutaneous glands.
Epidermis
The superficial layer of skin composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Dermis
The connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis, rich in collagen fibers.
Hypodermis
Connective tissue beneath the dermis, not part of the integumentary system.
Thick Skin
Skin on palms and soles, hairless, with sweat glands and no sebaceous glands.
Thin Skin
Covers most of the body, hairy, contains both sebaceous and sweat glands.
Keratinocytes
Cells in the epidermis that synthesize keratin and comprise most of the epidermal cells.
Melanocytes
Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, a pigment that protects DNA from UV radiation.
Stratum Basale
The deepest layer of the epidermis, made of keratinocyte stem cells.
Stratum Corneum
The most superficial layer of the epidermis, composed of dead, water-repellent cells.
Apocrine Glands
Sweat glands located in specific areas that produce sweat with fat molecules, leading to odor.
Eccrine Glands
Sweat glands that are widely distributed and produce cooling perspiration.
Sebaceous Glands
Glands that produce sebum, an oily secretion that keeps skin and hair moisturized.
Striae
Stretch marks resulting from stretching of dermal collagen.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
The most common and least dangerous type of skin cancer, arising from the stratum basale.
Melanoma
The most deadly type of skin cancer, arising from melanocytes.
Burn
Damage to skin caused by heat, resulting in fluid loss, infection, and toxic effects of dead tissue.
Eumelanin
A type of melanin that is brownish black.
Pheomelanin
A type of melanin that is reddish yellow.
Cyanosis
Blueness of skin due to lack of oxygen.
Erythema
Redness of skin due to increased blood flow.
Pallor
Pale or ashen skin due to reduced blood flow.
Nail Matrix
The tissue located at the base of the nail responsible for nail growth.
Cuticle
The eponychium, which protects the nail matrix.
Terminal Hair
Coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, armpits, and pubic areas after puberty.
Vellus Hair
Fine, unpigmented hair found on most of the body, particularly in women and children.
Sebum
An oily substance produced by sebaceous glands that helps to keep the skin and hair moisturized.
Keratin
A protein that makes up the structure of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin.
Cutaneous Membrane
Another term for skin; it forms a protective barrier and is made of epidermis and dermis.
Papillae
Small, nipple-like projections in the dermis that increase the surface area for better skin connection and sensation.
Hair Follicle
The structure from which hair grows, embedded in the dermis.
Melanin Variants
Eumelanin and pheomelanin are the two types of melanin found in human skin.
Regeneration
The process by which skin can heal and restore itself after injury.
Sunburn
An inflammatory response of the skin to excessive UV radiation exposure.
Aging Skin
Changes in skin structure and elasticity due to decreased cells, moisture, and collagen as we age.
Skin Biopsy
A medical procedure where a small sample of skin is removed for diagnostic testing.
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