ch 5 (copy)

Integumentary System

The body's largest organ system, including skin, hair, nails, and cutaneous glands.

Epidermis

The superficial layer of skin composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Dermis

The connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis, rich in collagen fibers.

Hypodermis

Connective tissue beneath the dermis, not part of the integumentary system.

Thick Skin

Skin on palms and soles, hairless, with sweat glands and no sebaceous glands.

Thin Skin

Covers most of the body, hairy, contains both sebaceous and sweat glands.

Keratinocytes

Cells in the epidermis that synthesize keratin and comprise most of the epidermal cells.

Melanocytes

Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, a pigment that protects DNA from UV radiation.

Stratum Basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis, made of keratinocyte stem cells.

Stratum Corneum

The most superficial layer of the epidermis, composed of dead, water-repellent cells.

Apocrine Glands

Sweat glands located in specific areas that produce sweat with fat molecules, leading to odor.

Eccrine Glands

Sweat glands that are widely distributed and produce cooling perspiration.

Sebaceous Glands

Glands that produce sebum, an oily secretion that keeps skin and hair moisturized.

Striae

Stretch marks resulting from stretching of dermal collagen.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

The most common and least dangerous type of skin cancer, arising from the stratum basale.

Melanoma

The most deadly type of skin cancer, arising from melanocytes.

Burn

Damage to skin caused by heat, resulting in fluid loss, infection, and toxic effects of dead tissue.

Eumelanin

A type of melanin that is brownish black.

Pheomelanin

A type of melanin that is reddish yellow.

Cyanosis

Blueness of skin due to lack of oxygen.

Erythema

Redness of skin due to increased blood flow.

Pallor

Pale or ashen skin due to reduced blood flow.

Nail Matrix

The tissue located at the base of the nail responsible for nail growth.

Cuticle

The eponychium, which protects the nail matrix.

Terminal Hair

Coarse, pigmented hair found on scalp, armpits, and pubic areas after puberty.

Vellus Hair

Fine, unpigmented hair found on most of the body, particularly in women and children.

Integumentary System

The body's largest organ system, including skin, hair, nails, and cutaneous glands.

Epidermis

The superficial layer of skin composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Dermis

The connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis, rich in collagen fibers.

Hypodermis

Connective tissue beneath the dermis, not part of the integumentary system.

Thick Skin

Skin on palms and soles, hairless, with sweat glands and no sebaceous glands.

Thin Skin

Covers most of the body, hairy, contains both sebaceous and sweat glands.

Keratinocytes

Cells in the epidermis that synthesize keratin and comprise most of the epidermal cells.

Melanocytes

Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, a pigment that protects DNA from UV radiation.

Stratum Basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis, made of keratinocyte stem cells.

Stratum Corneum

The most superficial layer of the epidermis, composed of dead, water-repellent cells.

Apocrine Glands

Sweat glands located in specific areas that produce sweat with fat molecules, leading to odor.

Eccrine Glands

Sweat glands that are widely distributed and produce cooling perspiration.

Sebaceous Glands

Glands that produce sebum, an oily secretion that keeps skin and hair moisturized.

Striae

Stretch marks resulting from stretching of dermal collagen.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

The most common and least dangerous type of skin cancer, arising from the stratum basale.

Melanoma

The most deadly type of skin cancer, arising from melanocytes.

Burn

Damage to skin caused by heat, resulting in fluid loss, infection, and toxic effects of dead tissue.

Eumelanin

A type of melanin that is brownish black.

Pheomelanin

A type of melanin that is reddish yellow.

Cyanosis

Blueness of skin due to lack of oxygen.

Erythema

Redness of skin due to increased blood flow.

Pallor

Pale or ashen skin due to reduced blood flow.

Nail Matrix

The tissue located at the base of the nail responsible for nail growth.

Cuticle

The eponychium, which protects the nail matrix.

Terminal Hair

Coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, armpits, and pubic areas after puberty.

Vellus Hair

Fine, unpigmented hair found on most of the body, particularly in women and children.

Sebum

An oily substance produced by sebaceous glands that helps to keep the skin and hair moisturized.

Keratin

A protein that makes up the structure of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin.

Cutaneous Membrane

Another term for skin; it forms a protective barrier and is made of epidermis and dermis.

Papillae

Small, nipple-like projections in the dermis that increase the surface area for better skin connection and sensation.

Hair Follicle

The structure from which hair grows, embedded in the dermis.

Melanin Variants

Eumelanin and pheomelanin are the two types of melanin found in human skin.

Regeneration

The process by which skin can heal and restore itself after injury.

Sunburn

An inflammatory response of the skin to excessive UV radiation exposure.

Aging Skin

Changes in skin structure and elasticity due to decreased cells, moisture, and collagen as we age.

Skin Biopsy

A medical procedure where a small sample of skin is removed for diagnostic testing.