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Anatomy

Physical structure of body and system

Physiology

Function and activities

Pathophysiology

Functional change from disease or syndrome

Coronal plane

Frontal Plane. Front/Back

Sagittal Plane

Lateral Plane. L/R doesn’t have to be equal.

Midsagittal Plane

Midline Plane. L/R equal.

Transverse (Axial) Plane

Top/Bottom Plane.

Cells

Foundation of human body

Tissue

Cells with a common function

Organ

Groups of tissues that perform similar or interrelated jobs

Body Systems

Organs with similar function together

Skeleton System (5 uses)

"Structural support to bear body's weight.

Framework to attach tissue and organs.

Protect vital organs

Red marrow produce red blood cells.

Store calcium"

Axial Skeleton

"Skull

Appendicular skeleton

Extremities and point of connections of them.

Pelvis is Axial or Appendicular

Belong to both.

Cranium (8 bones with 2 pairs)

"Ethmoid

Foramen Magnum

Great opening for spineal cord.

Facial Bones (14 w/ 6 pairs)

"2 Maxilla

Vertebral Column (33)

"7 Cervical

C1 C2

Atlas and Axis

Sacrum

5 Sacral fused together. S/I joint.

Coccyx

4 Coccygeal fused together to form tailbone. Part of Pelvis.

Sternum (3)

"Manubrium

Pectoral Girdle (2)

"Aka Shoulder. Clavicle

Shoulder joints (3) (Hint: joint names are just XX+XX joint)

"Sternoclavicular.

Acromioclavicular.

Glenohumeral."

Wrist and Hand (5)

"Ulna

Pelvic Girdle (4 with 1 pair)

"2 Coxae

Coxa (3)

"Ilium

Hip Joint name

Acetabulum

Proximal of femur head & lateral of femur

Greater trochanter

Inferior to femoral neck and medial to femur

Lesser trochanter

Foot & Ankle (3+1)

"Melleolus

Top of foot

Dorsal

Bottom of foot

Plantar

3 types of muscle

"Skeletal (voluntary)

Skeletal muscle

ie arm/ abs.

Smooth muscle

Blood vessels and intestines.

Cardiac muscle

Can generate electrical impulses

Resp System (8)

"Nose

Upper Airway with 3 pharynx (4)

"Nasopharynx

Carina

A cartilage situated at the point where the trachea (windpipe) divides into the two bronchi.

Nasopharynx and Nasal Airway (3 functions)

"Warm

What covers the larynx when you swallow

Epiglottis

Lower Airway Cartilages

Thyroid and Cricoid.

Between Thyroid and Cricoid Cartilages

Cricothyroid Membrane.

Pleura

The serous membranes covering the lungs and lining the thorax. Parietal and Visceral.

Ventilation

“movement of air between the lungs and the environment”

Respiration

Gas exchange

Exhaled air O2

16%

Hypoxic Drive

For COPD. Use O2 sensor instead of CO2/pH sensor.

Tidal Volume

Air move in or out in one single breath. (500ml)

Inspiratory reserve volume

deepest breath

Expiratory reserve volumne

deepest exhale after normal breath

Residual Volume

Gas remaining in lungs to keep lungs open

Dead space

"No alveoli

Minute Volume (Formula)

RR x Tidal Volume

Nomal Breathing (5)

"A normal rate and depth (tidal volume)

A regular rhythm or pattern of inhalation and exhalation

Clear

audible breath sounds on both sides of the chest

Regular rise and fall movement on both sides of the chest

Movement of the abdomen

"

Labored Breathing (4) Inadequate (1)

"Muscle retractions above the clavicles

Pale or cyanotic (blue) skin

Cool

damp (clammy) skin

Tripod position

Agonal Gasps"

Cardiac Output (formula)

Blood moved in 1 min. CO \= HR x SV

Stroke Volume

Blood moved in 1 beat.

Artery Pulse (6)

"Carotid

Systolic

“Pressure within the arteries when the heart is contracting; left ventricular force”

Diastolic

“Pressure within the arteries when the heart is at rest”

MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure)

D+D+S/3