CNS spinal cord

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25 Terms

1

What is the conus medullaris?

The cone-shaped end of the spinal cord located between the L1-L2 vertebrae.

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2

What is the cauda equina?

A 'horse-tail' of nerve roots that extend below the conus medullaris.

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3

What is the filum terminale?

thin extension of pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx.

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4

Where is the epidural space located?

Between vertebrae and dura mater; contains fat and blood vessels.

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5

What is a clinical use of the epidural space?

Epidural anesthesia is delivered here.

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6

What is the subdural space?

A potential space between dura and arachnoid mater; it can be a site for hematomas.

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7

What is located in the subarachnoid space?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is contained here.

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8

What procedure is performed in the subarachnoid space?

Lumbar puncture (CSF collection) and spinal anesthesia.

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9

What does the anterior horn contain?

Somatic motor neurons for skeletal muscle control.

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10

Where is the lateral horn located and what does it contain?

Located at the side of gray matter (T1-L2 region), contains autonomic neurons for smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

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11

What is the function of sensory neurons in the posterior horn?

They are responsible for processing incoming sensory signals.

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12

What is the anterior funiculus responsible for?

It contains motor pathways for voluntary movement.

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13

What does the lateral funiculus contain?

It contains both motor and sensory pathways.

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14

What is the function of the posterior funiculus?

It contains sensory pathways for touch and proprioception.

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15

What do first-order neurons in the posterior column do?

They carry touch and proprioception signals from sensory receptors to the medulla.

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16

Where do third-order neurons in the posterior column go?

They travel from the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex.

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17

What is the function of the spinothalamic pathway?

It carries pain and temperature signals.

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18

Where do first-order neurons of the spinothalamic pathway start and where do they go?

They start at sensory receptors and travel to the posterior horn.

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19

What is the function of the spinocerebellar pathway?

It carries unconscious proprioception signals.

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20

Where do lower motor neurons start in the corticospinal descending pathway?

They start in the anterior horn.

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21

What is the role of upper motor neurons?

They control voluntary movement and start in the primary motor cortex.

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22

Why does damage to the left side of the brain affect the right side of the body?

Because sensory and motor pathways decussate (cross over) to the opposite side.

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23

Where does decussation occur for motor pathways?

In the medulla for the corticospinal tract.

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24

Where does decussation occur for the spinothalamic tract?

In the spinal cord.

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25

Where does decussation occur for the posterior column pathway?

In the medulla.

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