AEROBIC RESPIRATION

who carries out respiration?

all living organisms carry out respiration

what is respiration?

respiration is a catabolic, enzyme controlled reaction inside cells to provide energy

what gets broken down to release energy?

energy rich respiratory substrates such as glucose and fatty acids

what are the high energy bonds?

C — C

C — H

C — OH

what happens when the high energy bonds are broken down?

lower energy bonds are formed

what happens with the excess energy released?

it’s used to phosphorylate ADP to form ATP or released as heat

what is glycolysis?

the first stage of cellular respiration

what happens during glycolysis?

1 molecule of glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate

where does glycolysis occur?

it occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell and does not require oxygen

what does it make as a net gain?

net gain of 2 ATP

net gain of 2 NADH

what happens at the first stage of glycolysis

• 6C glucose gets phosphoralysed to glucose phosphate

• this process requires 2 ATP

• the addition of phosphate makes the glucose more reactive

what happens at the second stage of glycolysis?

• splitting of the glucose phosphate 6C into 2 molecules of triose phosphate 3C

what happens at the 3rd stage of glycolysis?

• oxidation of triose phosphate into pyruvate 3C

• electrons and hydrogen are transferred to NAD therefore reducing it, 1 molecule of NAD is reduced per molecule of triose phosphate

• phosphate groups are transferred to ADP in substrate level phosphorylation so 2 molecules of ATP are produced per molecule of triose phosphate

what are the products made from glycolysis?

2 x pyruvate

a net gain of 2 x ATP

2 x NADH