INTRODUCTION TO THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM : Pharm care

HEALTH GENERAL DEFINITION

the state of complete emotional, social and physical well being as a resource for living a full life

HEALTH WHO 1948

the state of completephysical, mental and social well-beingandnot merely the absence of a diseaseor infirmity

HEALTH WHO 1986

a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities

HEALTH WHO 1986

a resource of everyday life, not the objective of living

PHYSICAL HEALTH and MENTAL HEALTH

2 GENERAL TYPES OF HEALTH

Physical Health

bodily functions are working at peak performance

Physical Health

decrease risk of disease, illness, injury or health issues

Physical Health

maintaining a physical fitness

Mental Health

Mental Health

Emotional, social and psychological well-being

Mental Health

not only the absence of depression, anxiety, and mental disorder

Mental Health

depends on the ability to enjoy life, feel safe & secure, bounce back after a difficult experience

Mental Health

ability to adapt to adversity and achieve balance and potential

POLICYMAKING

SOCIAL & PHYSICAL FACTORS

HEALTH SERVICES

BIOLOGY & GENETICS

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR

5 Categories of Determinants of Health

Policymaking

laws and policies at the local and national level that can affect individual and population health

Policymaking

some policies affect entire populations over an extended period while simultaneously helping to change individual behavior

Social and Physical Determinants

impact a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes

Social and Physical Determinants

According to WHO, the higher the person’s socio economic status (SES), the more likely they are to enjoy good health, good education, a well-paid job, afford good healthcare

Social and Physical Determinants

Low SES would also mean less access to healthcare services. People in developed countries with universal healthcare services have longer life expectancies than people in developed without universal healthcare services.

Social determinants of health

reflect the social factors and physical conditions of the environment in which people are born, live, learn, play, work, and age

Access to health services

greatly impacts an individual's health status

Access to healthcare services

is critical to good health, yet rural residents face various access barriers

1993 National Academies

report, defined access as “the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best possible health outcomes.”

Biology and Genetics

the genes that a person is born with that also greatly affect one's healt

Individual Behavior

positive changes in individual behavior can reduce the rates of chronic disease

Individual Behavior

the lifestyle of an individual determines his/her health because they have control over these factors, so making choices to adopt a healthy lifestyle practice can enhance one's health

Individual Behavior

According to WHO, cultural issues can also affect one’s health. A society’s traditions and customs and a family's response to them can have a good or bad impact on health

Individual Behavior

How people manage stress will affect one's health.

Individual Behavior

People who smoke, drink, or take drugs are more likely to have more health problems later in life than people who combat stress through a healthful diet and exercise.

WELLNESS

the best way to preserve or maintain one’ health

WELLNESS

promotion of active awareness and participation in health as an individual and in the community

WELLNESS

the state of enhanced well being

WELLNESS (WHO)

is the optimal state of health of individuals and groups. With its two focal concerns: the realization of the fullest potential of the individual physically, psychologically, socially, spiritually and economically, and the fulfillment of one's role expectations in the family, community, place of worship, workplace, and settings

Wellness (McKinley Health Center of Illinois, USA)

is a state of optimal well-being that is oriented toward maximizing an individual’s potential. This is a life-long process of moving towards enhancing your physical, intellectual, emotional, and social capacity

WHO(1990) Health Promotion Glossary

The process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health

WHO(1990) Health Promotion Glossary

A positive concept emphasizes personal, social, political, and institutional resources and physical capacities

Health Promotion

The aim is to help an individual or group reach a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

Health Promotion

makes it possible for people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health

Health promotion

is a set of actions to foster good health and wellbeing

◦Good governance for health

Health Literacy

Healthy cities

3 KEY ELEMENTS OF HEALTH PROMOTION

Good Governance

Requires policymakers across all gov't depts. To make health a central line of gov’t policy

Health Literacy

people need to acquire the knowledge, skills and information to make choices

Healthy Cities

strong leadership and commitment at the municipal level is essential tourban planning

Healthy Cities

cities have a key role to play in promoting good health

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

the name of an international agreement signed at the First International Conference on Health Promotion, organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and held in Ottawa, Canada, in November 1986

OTTAWA CHARTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION

the aim of the conference was the action to achieve “Health for all” by the year 2000 and beyond

OTTAWA CHARTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION

one of the five International Health Promotion Conferences, exploring key health promotion strategies and issues

Ottawa Conference

was preceded by the ALMA ATA Primary Health Care Conference in 1978 , and followed by further international health promotion conferences in Adelaide (1988), Sundsvall (1991), Jakarta (1997) , Mexico ((2000), Bangkok 2005) and Nairobi ( 2009)

Advocates

good health is a major resource for social, economic, and personal development and animportant dimension of quality of life

Enables

focuses on equity in health. Haring opportunities and resources will allow all to achieve their fullest health potential

Mediate

involve all people in health promotion and health care, across all areas of health. Mediate for the pursuit or health

Advocates, Enables and Mediate

The Ottawa Charter identified 3 basic strategies for health promotion

Building healthy public policy

Examples includes: stigma reduction, social inclusion, human right, crime prevention, access to transport and other important services.

Creating supportive environment

Examples include: antibullying program in schools and workplaces, strengthening families, mentoring and peer support for young people, supported accommodation, peer support for people with mental illness

Strengthening communities to take action

Example include: community-based suicide prevention, drought support in rural areas, consumer led initiatives and consumer advocacy

Developing personal skill

Example include: life skill training, mental health and illness literacy, parenting skills, management of emotions and workplace training

Reorienting services

Examples include: services that take a prevention approach to working, those that promote recovery and respond in a timely, age appropriate and culturally appropriate way