Dendrology Identification Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards for the identification of tree and shrub species mentioned in the dendrology lecture notes, including scientific names, habitat, and morphological characteristics.

Alnus glutinosa

Commonly known as Zwarte els; found in Elzenbroekbossen with stikstoffixatie via Frankia-bacteriën in wortelknolletjes. Characterized by serrated leaf edges with indented tips and typical fruits.

Tilia cordata

Winterlinde; found in beukenbossen with zeer goede strooiselkwaliteit. Recognition features include heart-shaped leaves with rosse haartjes (red hairs) on the underside at the leaf base; smaller than zomerlinde.

Tilia platyphyllos

Zomerlinde; found in beukenbossen with heart-shaped leaves that are larger than winterlinde and lack rosse haartjes.

Salix alba

Schietwilg; found in zachthoutooibos, often as a knotboom. Features long, narrow leaves (grijswit underside) and a deeply grooved brown trunk.

Magnolia spp.

Park- and laanbomen where flowers appear before the leaves in vroege lente; features very large, typical flowers.

Ginkgo biloba

A laanboom and gymnosperm that is uitgestorven in het wild (China). It is tweehuizig; mostly male trees are planted because female schijnvruchten rot and stink.

Ulex europaeus

Gaspeldoorn; found in the ondergroei of eiken-berkenbossen. Characterized by an always green stem, typical yellow flowers, and bladdoorns.

Cytisus scoparius

Gewone brem; found in the ondergroei of eiken-berkenbossen. It has an always green stem and typical yellow flowers but no bladdoorns (only very small, inconspicuous leaves).

Ligustrum vulgare

Wilde liguster; a groenblijvend (evergreen) shrub found in the ondergroei of eiken-haagbeukenbossen. Features opposite branches and leaves, and flowers in pluimen.

Larix decidua

Europese Lork; a park/laanboom from the Alpen. It has zeer slechte strooiselkwaliteit and is unique because it verliest zijn naalden in de winter; needles grow in clusters from the same point.

Picea abies

Fijnspar; found in sparrenplantages (especially in Wallonië). It has zeer slechte strooiselkwaliteit and creates significant shadow; needles are attached individually.

Pinus nigra

Zwarte den; found on zure zandbodems. Features needles per $2$ and a kaarsrechte (perfectly straight) fully grey trunk.

Pinus sylvestris

Grove den; found on zure zandbodems. Features needles per $2$ and a trunk that is grey at the bottom and brown at the top.

Taxus baccata

Taxus; ondergroei in beukenbossen. Features single, glanzende donkere needles in one plane, rode schijnvruchten, and is toxic.

Clematis vitalba

Bosrank; a liaan found in kalkrijke forest edges. Features samengesteld blad (compound leaves) and very recognizable fruits with many free carpels and stamens.

Humulus lupulus

Hop; a liaan found in forest edges, used in hopteelt for beer; has a clearly recognizable leaf.

Hedera helix

Klimop; a groenblijvend (evergreen) liaan that grows up trees in dark beukenbossen; flowers and berries grow in a scherm (umbel).

Lonicera periclymenum

Wilde kamperfoelie; a liaan in dark beukenbossen with opposite leaves and an often red-tinted stem.

Berberis vulgaris

Zuurbes; found in eiken-haagbeukenbossen. Features bladdoorns, small leaves, yellow flowers, and small red berries.

Crataegus laevigata

Tweestijlige meidoorn; found in bosranden. Features takdoornen (stem thorns) and an ingesneden leaf with a glanzend (shiny) green upper side.

Crataegus monogyna

Eénstijlige meidoorn; found in bosranden. Features takdoornen and an ingesneden leaf with a mat (matte) green upper side.

Prunus spinosa

Sleedoorn; found in bosranden with rhizomen for fast spreading. Features many takdoornen and blooms very early, before the leaves emerge.

Rosa canina

Hondsroos; found on kalkrijke soil in eiken-haagbeukenbossen. Features stekels (prickles), samengesteld blad, and rozenbottels (rose hips).

Rubus spp.

Braam; can be completely bodembedekkend on nutrient-rich soil. Features samengesteld blad with wider leaflets than Rosa canina and has stekels (no thorns).

Robinia pseudoacacia

Gewone robinia; invasive in warm, open forests. Features samengesteld blad with elliptical smooth leaflets, stekels, and a deeply grooved trunk.

Platanus x hispanica

Gewone plataan; a laanboom hybrid. Characterized by $3$ main veins, alternate leaves/buds, peeling bark (afschilferende schors), and a compound fruit.

Acer campestre

Veldesdoorn/Spaanse aak; found in eiken-haagbeukenbos. Features $5$ main veins, opposite leaves/buds, and small leaves; fruits are samara’s in pairs.

Acer platanoides

Noorse esdoorn; invasive in beukenbos and eiken-haagbeukenbos. Features $5$ main veins, opposite leaves/buds, and very pointed leaf lobes.

Acer pseudoplatanus

Gewone esdoorn; found in beukenbos and eiken-haagbeukenbos. Features $5$ main veins and opposite leaves/buds, with leaves being less pointed than those of Noorse esdoorn.

Viburnum opulus

Gelderse roos; found in bosranden. Features $3$ main veins (like Platanus but without peeling bark) and a typical inflorescence.

Juglans regia

Okkernoot; a park/laanboom with samengesteld blad of usually $7$ or $9$ leaflets; lateral veins of leaflets are unbranched.

Sorbus aucuparia

Wilde lijsterbes; ondergroei in eiken-berkenbossen. Features samengesteld blad with gezaagde (serrated) leaflets and clusters of orange-red fruits.

Aesculus hippocastanum

Paardenkastanje; park/laanboom with white flowers in pluimen and a bolster fruit with fewer spines than sweet chestnut.

Fraxinus excelsior

Gewone es; found in beuken- and hardhoutooibossen. Features opposite branches and thick black opposite buds; suffers from Essentaksterfte.

Sambucus nigra

Gewone vlier; found in bosranden. Features drooping branches with lenticellen (warts), white flowers, or black berries in a tuil (cyme).

Quercus petraea

Wintereik; found in various forests. Recognition: the leaf tapers into a long petiole (lange broek), and acorns are on very short stalks.

Quercus robur

Zomereik; found in hardhoutooibossen and more. Recognition: leaf does not taper at the base (korte broek), leaf stalk is short, but acorns are on very long stalks.

Quercus rubra

Amerikaanse eik; invasive exoot in beukenbossen. Features a pointed (not lobed) leaf and a grooved trunk.

Betula pubescens

Zachte berk; typically found in berkenbroekbossen with a white trunk and branches that do not hang.

Betula pendula

Ruwe berk; found in eiken-berkenbossen with a white trunk and drooping branches (takken 'hangen').

Populus nigra

Zwarte populier; a protected species in Belgium found in zachthoutooibos. Features a very deeply grooved trunk (deeper than oak) and no white bark.

Populus x canadensis

Canadapopulier; a fast-growing, short-lived hybrid ($40$ years) planted in wet plantations. Similar to Populus nigra but grows much straighter.

Populus tremula

Ratelpopulier; found in hardhoutooibossen. Features ruitvormige (diamond-shaped) lenticels on the trunk and round leaves with lobed edges that rattle in the wind.

Rhododendron spp.

Rododendron; invasive in eiken-berkenbossen. Features long, leathery, shiny leaves arranged in a spiral and large colorful flowers.

Prunus laurocerasus

Laurierkers/Paplaurier; slightly invasive in beukenbossen. Leaves are thick and shiny but not arranged in a spiral.

Ilex aquifolium

Hulst; found in beukenbossen. Features shiny prickly leaves, though spines are only present in the bottom meters of the plant.

Ulmus spp.

Olm or iep; found in beuken- and hardhoutooibossen. Identification is based on the asymmetrical leaf base; population is reduced by the iepenziekte (fungus).

Castanea sativa

Tamme kastanje; slightly invasive species with long, toothed (getande) leaves.

Fagus sylvatica

Beuk; dominant tree in beukenbossen with smooth bark and long buds; has low tolerance for warm, dry periods.

Carpinus betulus

Haagbeuk; found in eiken-haagbeukenbossen. Features a gekartelde leaf edge and a smooth trunk with vertical light lines.

Corylus avellana

Hazelaar; shrub with multiple stems and large thin leaves; produces hazelnoten.

Prunus padus

Gewone vogelkers; ondergroei in eiken-berkenbossen with mat green leaves that do not taper into the stalk.

Prunus serotina

Amerikaanse vogelkers; invasive in eiken-berkenbossen. Leaves are shiny green and taper into the stalk; smells like cyanide when a twig is broken.

Prunus avium

Zoete kers; found in beukenbossen and hardhoutooibossen. Recognized by very clear horizontal line-shaped lenticellen on the trunk.

Euonymus europaeus

Wilde kardinaalsmuts; found in bosranden. Features young square (vierkantig) twigs, pink flowers, and orange fruits.

Rhamnus frangula

Sporkehout/vuilboom; ondergroei in eiken-berkenbossen. Young twigs are covered in many small white dots (lenticellen).

Cornus mas

Gele kornoelje; found in eiken-haagbeukenbossen. Features opposite branches/leaves and nerves that follow the leaf margin; has yellow flowers.

Cornus sanguinea

Rode kornoelje; found in many forests and edges (but not dry soils). Features opposite branches/leaves and typically red young twigs with white flowers.