PT-122-Topic-12.2-EMG-Biofeedback

What is feedback in the context of motor control?

Feedback is a method of controlling a system by re-inserting into it the results of its past performance.

What are the two types of feedback?

Intrinsic feedback (inherent to movement) and Extrinsic feedback (knowledge of results).

What is the role of biofeedback in biological systems?

Biofeedback applies the idea of negative feedback to biological systems to help individuals gain conscious control over normally automatic processes.

What is a key characteristic of ongoing feedback?

It occurs before, during, and after any motor or movement task.

What does EMG stand for in biofeedback?

Electromyography.

How does an EMG biofeedback unit work?

It receives and amplifies electrical energy generated during muscle contraction.

What is the primary goal of biofeedback therapy for patients?

To train patients to perceive changes without the use of a measuring instrument for self-practice.

What type of conditions can EMG biofeedback help treat?

Hemiplegic patients, dystonic conditions, recovering peripheral nerve injury, and posture control.

What must be ensured for effective use of biofeedback electrodes?

Good electrical contact with the skin and proper placement to minimize noise.

What is common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) in biofeedback?

The ability of a differential amplifier to eliminate common noise between active electrodes.

What happens to the raw EMG signal during processing?

It undergoes rectification, smoothing, and integration to produce meaningful information.

What are the components of visual feedback in EMG biofeedback?

Lights, bars, or analogue or digital meters.

What are common applications of EMG biofeedback?

Testing control of muscle action, muscle strengthening, and stress-related condition management.

How is the placement of electrodes determined?

By the muscle involved, with the strongest signal coming from electrodes placed close to the muscle belly.

What are stress-related conditions that can benefit from biofeedback?

Essential hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, Raynaud’s disease, migraine, tension headache, and epilepsy.