the heart and a little bit about transpiration prototype 1

describe the movement of the blood from the right atrium to the kidneys

The right atrium is filled with blood from the superior and inferior vena cava.
The right atrium contracts, pushing blood into the right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.
After a short pause, the right ventricle contracts (ventricular systole).
This results in the closure of the tricuspid valve, preventing backflow of blood into the right atrium.
When the pressure in the right ventricle exceeds the pressure in the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary valve opens.
Blood enters the pulmonary artery and travels to the lungs.
In the lungs, oxygen diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

The oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins into the left atrium.
The left atrium contracts, pushing blood through the bicuspid (mitral) valve into the left ventricle.
After a short pause, the left ventricle contracts.
This increase in pressure causes the bicuspid valve to close.
When the pressure in the left ventricle exceeds the pressure in the aorta, the aortic semilunar valve opens, and blood is pumped into the aorta to be distributed throughout the body.

The aorta branches into various arteries, including the renal arteries, which supply blood to the kidneys

What is the plural of atrium

ATRIA

Define transpiration

It is the loss of gaseous water vapour from the aerial parts of a plant mainly through the stomata of the leaves.

Describe and explain the pathway of water through a plant from entering the roots to leaving the leaves.

1. The soil has a higher water potential than the root hair cell. Water molecules will move from the soil into the root hair cell through the partially permeable membrane via osmosis. 

2. There is net movement of water molecules from cell to cell via osmosis until it reaches the xylem vessels

3. Water moves up the plant through the xylem to the leaves via the transpiration pull

4. Water molecules moves out from the xylem to the mesophyll cells via osmosis and forms a thin layer of moisture around the mesophyll cells

5. Water evaporates from the mesophyll cells forming water vapor in the intercellular air space

6. The water vapour diffuses out of the leaves through the stomata by transpiration, this creates the transpiration pull.

What factors affect rate of transpiration

Humidity, light , temp , wind