Year 10 Geography Exam Revision Flashcards

Flashcards for Year 10 Geography Exam Revision

What is a Seawall?

A coastal defence structure built to reduce erosion and protect infrastructure from destructive wave action.

Define Commercialisation in the context of coastal areas.

The process of developing a coastal area for business and profit, such as building shops, hotels, and attractions. It can lead to overdevelopment and environmental degradation if not controlled.

It can lead to habitat loss, increased erosion, and disruption of natural processes.

It can lead to habitat loss, increased erosion, and disruption of natural processes.

Describe a Constructive wave.

A wave with a strong swash and weak backwash, which deposits material like sand on the beach, helping to build up the coastline.

What are the impacts of pollution on coastal areas?

The introduction of harmful substances (like plastic, chemicals, or sewage) into the natural environment can damage marine ecosystems and spoil coastal landscapes.

What are the effects of tourism on coastal environments?

It can increase foot traffic, litter, and pressure on local environments if not managed sustainably.

Describe a Destructive wave.

A wave with a strong backwash and weak swash, which erodes the coastline by dragging material away from the shore.

What is the atmosphere?

The layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It includes the air we breathe and is responsible for weather, climate, and protecting the planet from harmful solar radiation.

What is Sustainable coastal management?

The use of environmentally friendly strategies (e.g., boardwalks, fencing, dune preservation) to protect and manage the coast without causing long-term harm to the environment.

What is the Lithosphere?

Earth's crust and landforms

What factors primarily determine Wave power?

Primarily determined by wave height, which is influenced by wind speed, wind duration, and the distance the wind travels over the water (fetch).

What is the Biosphere?

All living things

What is the Hydrosphere?

All water bodies

What is Longshore drift?

The transport of sand and sediment along the coastline by waves approaching the shore at an angle, helping shape beaches and landforms.

What is Coastal erosion?

The natural process of wearing away rocks and soil along the coast due to waves, currents, and weather conditions.

What is Swash?

The movement of water up the beach after a wave breaks; stronger swash contributes to beach building.

What is Backwash?

The movement of water back down the beach after the swash; strong backwash can cause erosion by carrying sand and sediment away.

What are Dune systems?

Hills of sand formed by the wind near beaches. Protecting dunes is vital for coastal stability and preventing erosion.

Where is Cronulla?

A beachside suburb located in the Bate Bay area of New South Wales, Australia.

What is Life expectancy?

Statistical measure of the average number of years a person in an area or population can expect to live; expressed in years.

What is Wellbeing?

Ability of human beings to access the things they need in order to live happy and healthy lives (e.g. food, water, education, safety and security).

What is Gross domestic product?

Total monetary value of all the goods and services produced by a country over a specific time period (usually a year).

What are Literacy Rates?

Statistical measure of the percentage of people in an area or population that can read and write.

What is Human development index?

Tool developed by the United Nations to grade and rank the social and economic development of the world’s countries in order from most to least developed; used as a measure of human wellbeing.

What is Infant mortality?

Statistical measure of the proportion of children in an area or population under the age of 12 months who die; expressed as deaths per 1000 live births.

What is Food security?

Term used to describe a condition in which all people at all times have access to enough safe nutritious food to sustain a healthy life.

What is Climate change?

Change in global or regional climate patterns; in particular, a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.

What is Health?

The state of being free from illness or injury.

What is a Population Pyramid?

Type of graph that displays the percentage of males and females in a region or population grouped by age.

What is Gender equality?

Unequal treatment of individuals within a society based on their gender, whether male or female.

What is a Child mortality?

Measure of the number of deaths among children under five years per 1000 children born.

What are primary needs?

Basic needs that are essential for survival such as food, water, and shelter.

What are secondary needs?

Psychological or growth needs that are not related to survival but contribute to overall well-being, like entertainment, education, and travel.

What is the OECD Better Life Index?

A tool used to compare well-being across countries, based on a set of 11 topics that the OECD considers essential for material living conditions and quality of life.

What is GDP?

The value of goods and services produced minus the value of materials and other goods and services consumed in the production process.

What is the HDI?

Human development index which includes education, health and standard of living.

What are spatial variations in human wellbeing?

The differences in the level of wellbeing across different geographic locations, both within and between countries.

What are some of the Environmental causes of spatial variation in wellbeing?

Environmental factors like climate, water availability, soil fertility, natural resources, pollution, and access to green spaces all influence well-being by affecting health, food security, income, and quality of life.

What impacts does Health have on human wellbeing?

Good health improves human wellbeing by allowing people to live longer, work and enjoy a better quality of life.

What impacts does Wealth have on human wellbeing?

Wealth improves human wellbeing by providing access to basic needs life food, healthcare, education, and housing

What impacts does Education have on human wellbeing?

Education improves human wellbeing by increasing opportunities for employment, income and informed decision making.

What does wider lower bars in a population profile indicate?

High birth rates

What does narrower upper bars in a population profile indicate?

As people age and inevitably die

What does a bulge in a population profile indicate?

Caused by a larger number or percentage of people in one or more age groups, often as a result of a 'baby boom' or migration of people.

What does a dip in a population profile indicate?

Caused by a reduction in the number or percentage of people in one or more age groups, often as a result of a 'baby strike', war, or emigration.

Why are population profiles for developing countries often like a pyramid in shape?

Reflects the higher birth rate and shorter life expectancy in many of these countries.

Why do graphs for developed countries such as Australia show fewer young people and greater numbers in older age groups?

A high standard of living in developed countries contributes to a lower birth rate and longer life expectancy.

What is a Choropleth map?

Choropleth maps give a quick impression of a spatial pattern by using dark and light shades of the same or similar colours. Darker shades usually show 'the most' and lighter shades show 'the least'.

What is a column graph?

A column graph has one or more vertical columns.

What is a bar graph?

A bar graph has one or more horizontal bars.