Intro to burn care

contact burns

type of burn caused by touching a hot surface

flame burns

makes up majority of burn wounds from contact to fire

scald burns

burn wounds caused by touching hot water

chemical burns

burn wounds caused by touching corrosive chemicals

electrical burns

burn wounds caused from the passing of electrical currents through the body

true

burn victims are typically middle aged men compared to middle aged females

t or f

false

burn victims are typically middle aged females compared to middle aged men

t or f

rules of nines

a method of quickly assessing the severity of burns by calculating amt of total body surface area impacted based on a diagram dividing the body into percents of 9

modified lund and browder chart

a method of measuring the amount of the body in % is affected by a burn and is more exact while considering the age of a pt

true

using the rules of nines and modified lund and browder chart can only be applied to partial or full thickness burns

t or f

false

using the rules of nines and modified lund and browder chart can be applied to any type of burns

t or f

epidermal burn/first degree

burn which is pink or red in colour

superficial partial thickness/second degree burn

burn with bright pink/red/mottled red, and blanching with brisk capillary refill

deep partial thickness/second degree

burn with mixed red, waxy white, blanching with slow capillary refill

full thickness/third degree

burn with white, charred, tan, fawn, mahogany, black, red, no blanching and poor distal circulation

no blisters, dry surface

a epidermal burn has a surface appearance of ____

intact blisters, moist weeping fluid from the wound, or glistening surface

a superficial partial thickness burn has a surface appearance of ____

broken blisters, wet surface

a deep partial thickness burn has a surface appearance of ____

leathery, rigid, dry

a full thickness burn has a surface appearance of ____

painful, tender

pain levels of a epidermal burn

very painful, sensitive to changes in temp air current and light touch

pain levels of a superficial partial thickness burn

sensitive to pressure, insensitive to light touch and soft pin pricks

pain levels of a deep partial thickness burn

anesthetic

pain levels of a full thickness burn

minimal

edema levels in epidermal burns

moderate

edema levels in superficial partial thickness burns

significant

edema levels in deep partial thickness burns

area is depressed

edema levels in full thickness burns

spontaneous healing with no scars

healing and scaring of epidermal burns

spontaneous healing with minimal scarring and discoloration

healing and scaring of superficial partial thickness burns

slow healing and excessive scarring

healing and scaring of deep partial thickness burns

heals with skin grafting only with excessive scarring

healing and scaring of full thickness burns

true

full thickness burns requires grafting but deep partial thickness burns may require grafting

t ro f

false

full thickness and deep partial burns requires grafting but superficial partial thickness burns may require grafting

t ro f

autografts

grafts which come from the individual own skin

allografts

grafts which come from a different person’s skin/cadaver skin

xenografts

grafts which come from a different species

synthetic skin substitutes

grafts which are grown in a laboratory

true

in pts with an allograft and xenograft it is only used as a temporary graft

t or f

false

in pts with an autograft and xenograft it is only used as a temporary graft

t or f

split thickness skin graft

a skin graft which uses the epidermis and some amount of the dermis leading to easier adherence

full thickness skin graft

a skin graft which uses the full dermis leading to an aesthetically appealing graft but a wound at the donor site

sheet graft

a type of graft which is taken from the donor site and is unaltered

mesh graft

a type of graft which is expanded and stretched after removal from the donor site to cover a larger SA

exosome treatment

treatment using particles released by cells from stem cells that carry signals to help coordinate healing, facilitate tissues repairs and reduce inflammation to avoid need for skin graft surgery post burn

inhalation injury

a common respiratory injury which occurs in pts with a burn to the face for was in an enclosed space with fire

true

pneumonia, tracheal damage and pulmonary edema are common respiratory injuries post burn

t or f

false

atelectasis, tracheal damage and pulmonary edema are common respiratory injuries post burn

t or f

metabolic complications

complications which occurs post burn due to inc energy expenditure leading to inc nutritional needs

true

in pt with burns pt should be place in a warmer room to reduce heat loss (30 deg C)

t or f

false

in pt with burns pt should be place in a cooler room to reduce heat loss (18 deg C)

t or f

cardiovascular complications

complications post burn which presents with significant edema, and altered BF/CO

true

those with burns will experience dec CO shortly after injury and then inc CO later on during healing

t or f

false

those with burns will experience inc CO shortly after injury and then dec CO later on during healing

t or f

burn shock

decreased CO shortly after a burn injury

hypermetabolic state

leads to increased CO during healing of a burn injury

heterotopic ossification

occurs post burn injury with an abnormal development of bone in soft tissue typically within the elbow or in areas w a large burn

polyneuropathy

commonly from burn injuries causing effects to the brachial plexus, ulnar N, common peroneal N which can be from tight bandages, poo splints, and prolonged improper positioning

bacterial complications

a common cause of mortality from infection to the burn wound

sepsis

an outcome of infection from a wound and is a medical emergency leading to lingering effects after treatment

true

the first priority of acute care burn management includes preserving ROM and controlling edema

t ro f

false

the first priority of acute care burn management includes positioning and controlling edema

t ro f

acute care burn management

includes splinting, positioning, ROM, elevation, compression, sitting tolerance and ambulation

extension

in the anterior neck the position to stress the deformity is

abduction, flexion and external rotn

in the shoulder and axilla the position to stress the deformity is

extension

in the elbow the position to stress the deformity is

extension, MCP flexion, PIP/DIP extension and thumb abduction

in the hand the position to stress the deformity is

all motions with emphasis on extension and abudction

in the hip the position to stress the deformity is

extension

in the knee the position to stress the deformity is

all motions with an emphasis on DF

in the ankle the position to stress the deformity is

double mattress in extension

to help stretch the burn scar on the anterior neck use

airplane splint

to help stretch the burn scar on the shoulder and axilla use

elbow splint

to help stretch the burn scar on the elbow use

hand splint

to help stretch the burn scar on the hand use

positioning in neurtal and abduction

to help stretch the burn scar on the hip and groin use

posterior knee splint

to help stretch the burn scar on the knee use

AFO

to help stretch the burn scar on the ankle use

active ROM

when doing acute burn management on a conscious pt use _____

active assisted/passive ROM

when doing acute burn management on a sedated/unconscious pt or cannot reach full ROM use _____

true

in a pt with a deep burn on the posterior hand ROM should be done one joint at a time

t or f

false

in a pt with a deep burn on the posterior hand ROM should be done all together passively as much as possible

t or f

atrophic scar

type of burn scar which has the rate of collagen production equal the rate of breakdown leading to a flat pale and pliable scar

hypertrophic scar

type of burn scar which has a rate of collagen production higher than the rate of breakdown leading to a scar within the margin of the burn and is raised and rigid

keloid scar

type of burn scar which has a rate of collagen production higher than the rate of breakdown leading to a scar extending beyond margins of the burn and is raised and rigid

true

PT is involved if the hypertrophic scar and keloid scar starts to cross a joint but is not involved in atrophic scars

t or f

false

PT is involved if the hypertrophic scar, atrophic scar and keloid scar starts to cross a joint

t or f