Bella Quizlet - HAM Cumulative: Romantic, 19th-20th Century Period

nationalism

-Placing cultural music in your musical works

-Flags in art

exoticism

-Fascination with far off places and cultures that is based on imagination, not firsthand knowledge

-Ex. operas, the Nutcracker

-Art AND music

chromaticism

connecting different keys together, adding emotion and putting a sense of searching into music (ex. major to minor to major)

miniature

short piano pieces (less than 5 minutes) instead of long show pieces

Paganini caprices

technical studies and show pieces

salon

a big house's fancy living room or reception room often used for social gatherings during the Romantic era, musicians played music in them

tone poem

-musical works for an orchestra, but not a large symphony

-short (10-15 minutes)

-Many moods

Habanera

-super dramatic reaction of other worlds and countries

-exoticism

conservatory

school focused on intensive musical performance training to prepare students for professional performance careers

academy

music education that offers a broader range of musical styles, academics, and other performing arts

absolute music vs. program music

non symbolic vs. symbolic instrumental music

characteristics of the Romantic Period

-Spectrum of emotion

-Nationalism

-Exoticism

-Expression

-Other worldly (the Sublime)

-Chromaticism

-Many styles

Paganini was the first... (hint: 3)

-Pop/rock star

-Solo violin recitalist, travelled around Europe

-To play music by memory

what bodily defect did Paganini have and how did it help him?

long fingers (Marfin Syndrome); helped him reach across the whole violin and play better

Paganini lore 👻

-Insane/unreal talent "had to be other-worldly"

-"His mother sold his soul to the devil for his talent" (untrue, but people fascinated)

how did Paganini sell tickets to his shows?

bought into the lore

characteristics of Paganini's music

-Caprices

-High pitch

-Left hand plucks the string while alternating bode notes

-Breaking strings on purpose as party trick

Franz Liszt

-Pianist known for entertainment, charisma, and Hungarian element music (nationalism)

-Jacob Elordi of Romantic era

-Travelled, sold out concert halls throughout Europe

what was Liszt's main goal?

to be the Paganini of the piano

Liszt-Mania 😍

-Everyone obsessed with him, hot, talented

-Economic booms in towns he played in

how did Liszt perform? (hint: 2)

-Played toward the audience rather than back (wanted them to see face, narcissist)

-Smoked a cigar while playing and flicked the ashes into audience (FERAL)

Chopin

pianist who wrote music for the salon/small venues

characteristics of Chopin music

-Home/parlor music

-Reachable skill-wise

-Miniatures

-Nationalism: dances, nocturnes

-Chromaticism

-Melancholy (break up songs)

Sibelius is known for his _________ __________s and ___________________ music

tone poems; nationalist

Mighty Handful/Russian Five

-Moving away from Western musical techniques

-Creating a new sound (minor scale, Russian folk tunes, church bells)

Tchaikovsky

-Combined Western & Russian techniques

-Mighty Handful

-Music of the Future: complex

-Famous ballets

-Canons, patriotism, drama, grandeur

-Russian nationalism

-Virtuosity

characteristics of Romantic art

-Exoticism

-The Sublime (exoticism)

-Nationalism

-Personal style

-Triangular positioning to add balance

pentatonic scale

modal scale with the use of all tones, used in impressionism

impressionism in music

-about the mood, feeling, & atmosphere

-flows from one measure to next without heavy emphasis on the strong beat

-Timbre created by using all aspects of instrument

-Pentatonic scale

serialism

no repeating notes throughout the tone row, often causing atonalism

serialism composers are members of the...

2nd Viennese School

serialism composers

-Schoenberg

-Berg

-Webern

Schoenberg, what he founded, and why?

-Academic composer

-Founded serialism

-Tired of traditional tonal structure

sprechstimme

sing-speaking on a specific pitch, often causing atonalism (sing-songy)

pointillism in music is also known as... (hint: in German)

Klangfarbenmelodie

pointillism in music

passing notes around in a piece, "little points of sound"

tone row

series of all 12 notes before repeating again (relates to serialism), often causing atonalism

atonal

without tone

primitivism

return to prehistoric themes and sounds (sacrifice, drums, etc.)

Neoclassic Music

throws back to Baroque and Classical forms but with modern tonality (tonal and atonal)

Stravinsky

-Neoclassic composer

-Put tonal and atonal music together

-Primitivism

minimalism

taking a small idea and repeating it over and over throughout a song

ostinato

small pattern, rhythm, or motive repeated over and over throughout a song

minimalist composers

Reich and Glass

aleatoric music

-Idea that music is never performed the same way twice

-Artistic freedom

-Not always art (ex. 4'33" by John Cage)

-Ex. choose start time, change # of repeats

leitmotif

a recurring melody/motive associated with a specific character, place, object, or idea in a musical piece

how is a leitmotif different than a theme song?

it plays when the character enters and repeats rather than only plays once

Wagner operas

experiments with leitmotifs

zeitgeist

defining spirit/mood of a historical period shown by the ideas & beliefs of the time

impressionism

-fleeting moments

-emphasis: light/color

-accurate light/dark

-genre paintings

-personal/artistic freedom (less realistic)

-plein-air

-transitory act(s)

plein-air

the practice of painting outdoors

transitory act(s)

temporary art or fleeting in nature

why was it common to paint the same thing at different times in impressionist pieces?

to capture changes in lighting

post-impressionism

-extension of impressionism

-emotional

-not realistic

-genre paintings

-personal/artistic freedom

-distorted forms

-still fleeting moments

pointillism

small dots of color that blend in the viewer's eye to create an image ("fuzzy")

color theory

understanding how colors blend in one's eye

social commentary

the practice of using art to critique, reflect on, or challenge societal norms, values, and institutions

neo-impressionism

-pointillism

-intellectually captures modern urban life, landscapes, activities

-brightness, vividness, sunlight

-less color mixing, precision

-color theory

-focus on working class and peasants

-social commentary

realism

-art about nature and modern life

-accuracy, details

-emotional

-not idealized, realistic

-authentic genre paintings

-working class focus: social commentary

-relatability and truth in emotion

symbolism

-ideas and emotions portrayed indirectly through symbols

-deeper meanings, not literal

-escape from reality

-emotional

-social commentary

-distortion, abstract shapes

expressionism

-self-expression

-emotional

-vibrant colors, distorted shapes

-exaggeration

-social commentary

-strange use of artistic elements

abstraction

-depicts intangible ideas, music, and feelings

-complex, no order

-colorful, unrealistic, artistic freedom

-unconventional & unique use of artistic elements

what did Kandinsky suggest about color and sound and what did he aim to do in Improvisation 28?

color and sound are linked; get viewers to react like they would to an abstract music piece

action painting

purpose is to show how the physical act of painting is part of the piece, using dynamic brushstrokes, splatters, and drops to show energy and emotion

color field painting

large, flat areas of color inviting the viewer to meditate and think about the piece

abstract-expressionism

-non-representational imagery

-conveys emotion through abstract forms and bold colors

-individualism

-freedom/spontaneity

-action paintings

-color field paintings

-energy, movement

-unconventional

surrealism

-dreamlike, strange imagery

-illogical juxtaposition

-power of the unconscious mind

-rejection of logic and reason

-explores the bizarre

-symbols

-unconventional

how did Frida Kahlo use surrealism in "The Two Fridas"?

to express her double heritage; tied hearts with a vein to emphasize she is both Mexican and Spanish; bleeding heart and scissors

cubism

-dividing a figure in a painting into cubes to show different perspectives and sides of the body

-analytical

Girl with a Mandolin by Picasso _____________ cubism

analytical