electronegativity

What is electronegativity?

Overall power of an atom to attract the electron density in a covalent bond towards itself

What is the order of electronegativity?

F O N Cl Br I S C H

What is electron density referring to?

Way negative charge is distributed in a molecule

What is bond polarity?

If the electron cloud is evenly spread out it is non polar, if not it is polar.

What are the factors affecting bond polarity?

Nuclear charge

Atomic radius

Shielding

What is nuclear charge?

More protons, stronger attraction, increase electronegativity

What is atomic radius?

Closer to nucleus, stronger attraction, increase electronegativity

What is electron shielding?

Less shells of electrons between nucleus + electrons, less shielding, stronger attraction

What is trend of electronegativity down a group?

Electronegativity decreases

What is polarity?

Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms that are bonded covalently

What is a dipole

The separation of charge

What happens if there is more than one polar bond?

Effects may cancel each other out so there is no dipole moment

What makes a polar molecule?

2 atoms of different electronegativity, electrons not shared equally, electrons attracted to more electronegative atom, electron cloud is distorted so it is polar