APUSH terms list #1-230

General Court

Representative assembly elected by 'freemen'.

John Winthrop

Leader of Massachusetts Bay Colony, allowed people to take part in their own government.

Restoration Colonies

Group of colonies established by English Kings.

Leisler's Rebellion

American response to the Glorious Revolution; highlighted opposition to concentrated wealth.

Quaker

Religious group that taught all individuals had an Inner Light to commune directly with God.

Navigation Acts

Foundation for Britain's mercantilist system.

Half-Way Covenant

Proposal allowing non-saints to be baptized to profess saving grace upon adulthood.

Dominion of New England

Britain's first attempt to exert more control over colonies.

Bacon's Rebellion

Uprising of former indentured servants desiring Native American lands.

Enlightenment

18th century intellectual movement emphasizing reason, paving the way for the American Revolution.

Great Awakening

Religious revival emphasizing emotional and personal experience.

Albany Congress

First attempt at colonial unification.

French and Indian War

War leading to increased British control and taxation of the American colonies.

Writs of Assistance

Legal documents allowing British officials to conduct unwarranted searches.

Stamp Act

Law imposing taxes on printed materials, met with violence and protest.

Townshend Acts

Britain's attempt to impose external taxes on the colonies.

Tea Act

Legislation aimed at bailing out the East India Company.

Common Sense

Pamphlet advocating for American independence from British rule.

Second Continental Congress

Unnofficial government of the US, organized the Revolutionary War.

Saratoga

Turning point of the Revolutionary War leading to French assistance.

Treaty of Paris 1783

Agreement ending the Revolutionary War and providing land to America.

Articles of Confederation

Document creating a league of friendship between states with a weak central government.

Newsburgh Conspiracy

Movement of unpaid army soldiers in response to financial neglect.

Northwest Ordinance

Legislation providing a method for admitting new states to the Union.

Shay's Rebellion

Armed uprising reflecting the economic struggles of post-Revolutionary War farmers.

Republican Motherhood

Concept defining women's role as educators of virtuous citizens.

Federalist Papers

Essays advocating for the ratification of the Constitution.

Anti-Federalists

Group opposed to a strong central government.

Bill of Rights

First list of civil rights and liberties for Americans.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Legislation establishing the federal court system.

Federal Naturalization Law of 1790

Law restricting citizenship to white persons.

Hamilton's Reports

A series of proposals aimed at stabilizing the American economy.

Jay's Treaty

Agreement resolving issues between the US and Britain post-Revolution.

Pinckney Treaty

Agreement granting the US navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

Whiskey Rebellion

Revolt by farmers protesting taxes on whiskey.

XYZ Affair

Diplomatic incident leading to an undeclared war with France.

Election of 1800

Revolutionary election marking a peaceful transfer of power.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws targeting political opposition and restricting speech.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Political statements asserting states' rights to nullify unconstitutional laws.

Marbury vs. Madison

Supreme Court case establishing judicial review.

Louisiana Purchase

Land acquisition that doubled the size of the US.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Exploratory journey mapping the newly acquired western territories.

Yazoo Claims

Corrupt land sales involving 5 million acres in Georgia.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

Naval conflict nearly leading to war in 1807.

Embargo of 1807

Attempt at neutrality by halting trade with Britain and France.

Tecumseh

Native leader seeking to unite tribes against American encroachment.

Treaty of Ghent

Agreement ending the War of 1812.

American System

Economic plan promoting national improvements and protective tariffs.

Hartford Convention

Meeting of New England Federalists discussing secession.

Rush-Bagot Treaty

Agreement demilitarizing the Great Lakes.

Barbary Wars

Conflict against North African pirates during Jefferson's presidency.

Adams-Onis Treaty

Agreement ceding Florida to the US.

Monroe Doctrine

Policy opposing European intervention in the Americas.

Panic of 1819

Economic crisis resulting from land speculation.

Dartmouth College vs. Woodward

Supreme Court ruling protecting private contracts from state interference.

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Court case affirming federal authority over state law.

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Established federal control over interstate commerce.

Missouri Compromise

Attempt to resolve slavery issues by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

The Cotton Culture

Southern economy dependent on slavery and cotton production.

Samuel Slater

Introduced textile manufacturing plans to America.

Lowell System

Labor system employing young women in factories.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival emphasizing individual salvation.

Corrupt Bargain

Election controversy between Jackson, Adams, and Clay.

Tariff of Abominations

High tax causing discontent in the South.

Kitchen Cabinet

Informal group advising President Jackson.

Maysville Road

Jackson's veto ending federal funding for internal improvements.

Worcester vs. Georgia

Ruling supporting Native American sovereignty ignored by Jackson.

The Webster-Hayne Debate

Senate argument over nullification and states' rights.

Force Bill

Legislation empowering Jackson to use military force against state opposition.

Nicholas Biddle

President of the Second Bank of the US opposing Jackson's policies.

Specie Circular

Decree requiring payment in gold or silver for public land.

Tocqueville's Democracy in America

Observations of American society and its democratic principles.

The Liberator

Abolitionist newspaper advocating for immediate emancipation.

Horace Mann

Education reformer promoting public schooling.

McGuffery Readers

Standardized textbooks used in American schools.

Manifest Destiny

The belief in the divine right of American expansion.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposal to ban slavery in land acquired from Mexico.

Compromise of 1850

Series of laws aiming to resolve slavery disputes.

Free Soil Party

Political group opposing the expansion of slavery.

Commodore Matthew Perry

Naval officer who opened Japan to American trade.

The American Scholar

Ralph Waldo Emerson's speech promoting intellectual independence.

Seneca Falls Declaration

Manifesto for early women's rights.

Hudson River School

Art movement emphasizing American landscapes.

Minstrel Shows

Racist entertainment caricaturing black culture.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Anti-slavery novel depicting the horrors of slavery.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Legislation allowing popular sovereignty for slavery in territories.

Bleeding Kansas

Violence over slavery issues in the Kansas territory.

Dred Scott Decision

Supreme Court ruling denying citizenship to slaves.

Yeoman Farmers

Independent farmers not owning slaves.

Hinton R. Helper

Author revealing white opposition to slavery.

Know-Nothing Party

Political movement opposing immigration and Catholics.

Ostend Manifesto

Attempt to purchase Cuba from Spain.

Freeport Doctrine

Douglas's stance on popular sovereignty in territories.

John Brown

Abolitionist whose actions instigated conflict leading to the Civil War.

First Battle of Bull Run

First major battle of the Civil War indicating it would be long and bloody.

Homestead Act

Encouraged western migration by providing land.

King Cotton

Southern economy's dominance through cotton production.

Battle of Antietam

Civil War battle prompting Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Lincoln's plan for reintegrating southern states.

Wade-Davis Bill

Radical Republican proposal for Reconstruction.