speciation test

sequence of speciation

reproductive potential → variation → competition → natural selection → divergence → isolation → new species

what is reproductive potential?

the relative capacity of a species to reproduce itself under optimum conditions

three types of variation?

morphological, physiological, behavioral

morphological?

external traits (morph=form)

physiological?

how their body functions internally

behavioral?

how they act/react

possible sources of variation?

genetic mutations, abnormal changes in chromosome, browsing over during meiosis, etc

why does competition exist

individuals compete for different resources, those who compete and win survive and reproduce

two types of population

1. intraspecific- individuals in the same population

2. interspecific- two different species competing

what is the competitive exclusion principle?

two similar species competing for the same limited resource cannot coexist together

natural secretion is a ___ process. organisms do not simply decide to acquire certain traits

passive process

3 types of natural selection?

1. disruptive selection

2. stabilizing selection

3. directional selection

disruptive selection?

Individuals with both extremes of a trait will be selected by nature

stabilizing selection?

Individuals with the average trait will be selected by nature

directional selection?

Individuals with the average trait will be selected by nature

5 hardy-weinberg conditions:

1. no natural selection

2. no mutations

3. no migration

4. large population

5. random mating

2 types of isolation?

geographic isolation and reproductive isolation

two types of reproductive isolation

prezugotic and posyzygotic

2 concepts of species?

morphological and biological

2 rates of speciation?

gradualism and punctuated equilibrium

3 patterns of evolution:

1. divergent- two or more related species become more different

2. convergent- organisms that appear to be similar but are not related at all

3. coevolution- the change in two or more species in close association (predator and prey often coevolve