Flashcard Principles of Pharmacology and Emergency Medical Care | Quizlet

Pharmacology

Science studying drug interactions with biological systems.

Medication Safety Protocols

Guidelines to minimize medication errors.

Pharmacology

Science studying drug interactions with biological systems.

Medication Safety Protocols

Guidelines to minimize medication errors.

Self-administered Medications

Medications patients take themselves for chronic conditions.

Peer-administered Medications

One individual assists another in medication administration.

EMT Medication Administration

Protocols for EMTs to administer medications ethically.

Emergency Medications

Medications specifically used in emergency situations.

Generic Names

Non-proprietary names for medications.

Brand Names

Proprietary names assigned by manufacturers.

Pharmacodynamics

Study of how drugs affect the body.

Pharmacokinetics

Study of drug movement through the body.

Agonist

Stimulates receptor activity to enhance physiological effects.

Antagonist

Blocks receptor activity, counteracting agonist effects.

Enteral Administration

Medication delivery through the digestive system.

Parenteral Administration

Medication delivery bypassing the digestive system.

Oral Route (PO)

Convenient medication route, slower due to digestion.

Intravenous Route (IV)

Rapid medication delivery directly into the bloodstream.

Intramuscular Route (IM)

Quick absorption method using a needle.

Inhalation Route

Rapid absorption method for respiratory conditions.

Indications

Conditions that warrant medication use.

Contraindications

Conditions where medication use should be avoided.

Complications

Potential issues arising during medication administration.

Side Effects

Unintended effects of medications on the body.

Drug Interactions

Effects when multiple drugs are taken together.

Dosage Calculations

Determining correct medication amounts for safety.

Therapeutic Actions

Desired effects of medications on symptoms.

Routes of Administration

Methods for delivering medications to patients.

Medication Forms

Different physical forms of medications, e.g., tablets.

Topical Medications

Local action; minimal systemic absorption.

Tablets and Capsules

Common oral forms with varied release mechanisms.

Solutions

Fully dissolved substances for IM or IV use.

Suspensions

Partially dissolved; require shaking before use.

Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs)

Deliver precise inhaled medication dosages.

Transcutaneous Medications

Absorb through skin for systemic effects.

Right Patient

Confirm identity to avoid administration errors.

Right Medication

Ensure correct drug for the condition treated.

Right Dose

Calculate dose based on patient-specific factors.

Right Route

Choose method for effectiveness and safety.

Right Time

Administer medications at correct intervals.

Complications

Adverse effects during or after medication administration.

Contraindications

Conditions preventing medication use, like allergies.

Case Studies

Practical applications of medications in real scenarios.

Hypoperfusion

Inadequate cellular perfusion causing potential injury.

Hypovolemic Shock

Fluid volume loss from hemorrhagic or nonhemorrhagic causes.

Cardiogenic Shock

Inadequate heart function due to myocardial damage.

Symptoms of Hypovolemic Shock

Rigid abdomen, increased heart rate, cool skin.

Treatment for Hypovolemic Shock

Control bleeding, maintain airway, rapid transport.

Symptoms of Cardiogenic Shock

Low blood pressure, weak pulse, cyanosis.

Treatment for Cardiogenic Shock

Position for breathing, provide high-flow oxygen.

Epinephrine

Used for anaphylaxis; causes bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction.

Medication History

Essential for understanding interactions and responses.

Patient Monitoring

Vigilantly observe for complications post-administration.

Emergency Care Education

Ongoing learning for improved patient safety.

Medication Administration Rights

Five rights to ensure safe medication delivery.

Assessment of Treatment Efficacy

Regular evaluation of patient response to medications.

Direct Pressure

Control external bleeding in hypovolemic shock.

Supplemental Oxygen

Provided for respiratory support in shock.

Obstructive Shock

Mechanical obstructions hinder heart chamber filling.

Cardiac Tamponade

Fluid accumulation compresses heart; requires surgery.

Tension Pneumothorax

Air trapped in pleural space; requires chest decompression.

Pulmonary Embolism

Blocked pulmonary artery; rapid transport needed.

Distributive Shock

Widespread vasodilation causes blood pooling.

Anaphylactic Shock

Severe allergic reaction causing hypotension and distress.

Epinephrine Administration

IM injection for anaphylaxis; acts quickly.

Neurogenic Shock

Nervous system injury leads to vasodilation.

Psychogenic Shock

Emotional distress causing fainting; position supine.

Primary Assessment

Rapid exam to identify life threats.

SAMPLE History

Signs, Allergies, Medications, Past history, Last intake, Events.

Transport Decision

Assess priority and need for Advanced Life Support.

Emergency Medical Care for Shock

Immediate treatment upon shock recognition.

Vital Signs Monitoring

Continuously check vital signs and mental status.

High-Flow Oxygen

Administer 10 to 15 L/min via nonrebreather.

Jugular Vein Distention

Sign of increased central venous pressure.

Muffled Heart Sounds

Indicative of cardiac tamponade presence.

Narrowing Pulse Pressure

Characteristic of cardiac tamponade (Beck triad).

Hypotension

Low blood pressure; common in various shocks.

Tachycardia

Increased heart rate; often seen in shock.

Altered Mental Status

Confusion or disorientation; indicates shock severity.

Spinal Stabilization

Maintain spine alignment in neurogenic shock.

Supine Positioning

Lying flat to improve blood flow to brain.

Comfort Measures

Reassure patient; avoid food/drink pre-evaluation.

Chest Decompression

Relieves pressure in tension pneumothorax.

Advanced Life Support (ALS)

Higher level of emergency care; consider early.

Transport Promptness

Immediate transport crucial for shock patients.

Compensated Shock

Early shock stage with compensatory mechanisms active.

Decompensated Shock

Late shock stage with failing compensatory mechanisms.

Tachycardia

Increased heart rate, often a shock symptom.

Impending Doom

Patient's feeling of imminent life threat.

Basic Life Support (BLS)

Life-saving techniques for unresponsive patients.

Cardiac Arrest Causes

Adults: heart issues; children: respiratory issues.

Initial Assessment

Ensure scene safety before patient evaluation.

Breathing Check

Assess chest rise, breath sounds, and airflow.

Carotid Pulse Check

Palpate neck groove for pulse within 10 seconds.

CPR Compressions Rate

100 to 120 compressions per minute recommended.

Compression Depth for Adults

At least 2 inches deep during CPR.

Compression Depth for Infants

About 1.5 inches deep during CPR.

Chest Recoil

Allow full recoil between compressions for effectiveness.

Head Tilt-Chin Lift

Used to open airway without spinal injury suspicion.

Jaw-Thrust Maneuver

Used to open airway with suspected spinal injury.

Rescue Breaths

One breath after every 30 compressions.

Breath Delivery Time

Each breath should take 1 second.