paternity testing

What is Paternity Testing?

• DNA testing to determine who a child’s — might be.

• A scientific test that results in legal chain of — between a parent and a child.

• — , — cells, — fluid, and — tissue can be used (latter two for baby’s DNA).

father, custody, blood, buccal, amniotic, placenta

• Alleles -

  • one of two or more nucleotide sequences that contains a — and is found at the — place on a chromosome.

  • Each person will have — alleles

  • the child will share one allele from mom and one allele from dad.

• Markers -

  • a DNA sequence with a — location on a chromosome

  • can detect an allele of interest

• Polymorphism -

  • the presence of — or — variants found in a DNA sequence.

variant, same, 2, known, two, more

• Forensic Testing - Identifying a — based on different suspects who are predicted to be the criminal of a criminal investigation.

• Southern blot test- a method use to — specific DNA sequence

• PCR (Polymerase chain reaction)- a method to — DNA or a particular section of it

• Loci - — —

• Random Match Probability - the likelihood that a person picked at — will have the — allele/DNA

• Crime scene evidence - DNA from — , — , dry — — , dry —, — , etc.

criminal, detect, amplify, DNA region, random, same, hair, skin, body fluids, blood, clothing

Prenatal Paternity Testing

• Specimens: — , — cells, — fluid, and — tissue can be used (latter two for baby’s DNA).

• NIPP (Noninvasive prenatal paternity test)- Can be performed in the — trimester. It uses fetal — found in the — of the pregnant parent.

• CVS (Chorionic villus sampling)- Takes place between — - — weeks after the last — . It uses tissue from the — and carries a risk of — .

• Amniocentesis - Happens between the —th and —th week of pregnancy. — — is collected for use. It carries a risk of — .

blood, buccal, amniotic, placenta, 1st, DNA, blood, 10-13, menstruation, placenta, miscarriage, 15, 20, amniotic fluid, miscarrage

DNA-Based Parentage (Paternity) Testing

• Applications: — investigation, — , parentage, and clinical.

• 3 sources of DNA: — DNA, — DNA, child DNA.

• Paternity index (PI) - relative — of an alleged father transmitting the — allele to the child.

• Inclusion - having the — necessary to indicate the possible father of a child.

• Exclusion - not having — alleles that could indicate the possible father of a child.

• Obligate Paternal Alleles - alleles that are — between the — and a child.

criminal, immigration, maternal, paternal, probability, obligate, alleles, any, shared, parent

methodology

Southern Blot with selected —

• Need probes and selection of loci to analyze.

• Detects the alleles in the mother, child, and alleged Father.

• Detects — of DNA

• The child has one allele from mom and one allele from dad.

PCR amplification of TR regions

• Amplification of — regions of the DNA

• Separation of amplicons based on —

• Comparison of band size or number of —

probes, methylation, polymorphic, size, repeats

resulting

Probability of Paternity Equation:

—

Alleged Father = >99.9% Accurate

Legally binded - Judge must rule the child’s paternity.

Confidential Report

Cumulative probability of Paternity (CPP)

CPP = —

 

Cumulative Paternity Index (CPI)

CPI = —

PI/PI + 1 × 100, CPI/CPI + 1/100, Pla + Plb +Plc…

Can mitochondrial DNA be used for paternity testing? Why or why not?

—, b/c mitochondrial DNA is passed along the — lineage

no, maternal

Which of the following is NOT true about Southern Blot and PCR?

• PCR require less genetic material than Southern Blot

• PCR can be used to determine DNA methylation

• Probes are needed for Southern Blot

• Probes are needed for PCR

PCR can be used to determine DNA methylation

Which paternity test can be performed the earliest?

• Amniocentesis

• Buccal swab

• Noninvasive prenatal paternity test

• Chorionic villus sampling

noninvasive prenatal paternity test

How many allele copies should the father and the child share?

• None

• one

• two

• three

one