Nucleus
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22 Terms
Q: What is the function of the nucleus?
A: Stores DNA and controls gene expression.
Q: Which organelle stores most of the cell's genetic information?
A: Nucleus.
Q: What surrounds the nucleus?
A: Nuclear envelope.
Q: How many membranes make up the nuclear envelope?
A: Two.
Q: What connects the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
A: Nuclear pore complexes.
Q: Function of nuclear pore complexes?
A: Regulate transport of proteins and RNA between nucleus and cytoplasm.
Q: Which molecules leave the nucleus?
A: mRNA, tRNA, ribosomal subunits.
Q: Which proteins enter the nucleus?
A: DNA polymerases, RNA polymerases, transcription factors, histones.
Q: What is chromatin?
A: DNA wrapped around histone proteins.
Q: Why does chromatin exist?
A: To package DNA efficiently and regulate gene expression.
Q: What is the nucleolus?
A: Site of rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.
Q: Which organelle makes ribosomes?
A: Nucleolus.
Q: Does the nucleolus have a membrane?
A: No.
Q: Which organelle disappears during mitosis?
A: Nucleolus.
What is mRNA?
mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
What is rRNA?
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes, aiding in the translation of mRNA into proteins.
What are ribosomes?
Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.
What are DNA polymerases?
DNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing DNA chain during DNA replication.
What are RNA polymerases?
RNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize RNA from a DNA template during transcription.
What are transcription factors?
Transcription factors are proteins that help regulate the transcription of specific genes by binding to nearby DNA.
What are histones?
Histones are proteins that help package DNA into a compact, organized structure called chromatin.
What is rRNA?
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) forms the core of ribosome's structure and catalyzes protein synthesis.