Minerals and Rocks, Rocks and Minerals--38 terms

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38 Terms

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cementation

The process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass.

<p>The process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass.</p>
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chemical rock

Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize from a solution.

<p>Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize from a solution.</p>
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clastic rock

sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure

<p>sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure</p>
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cleavage

A mineral's ability to split easily along flat surfaces.

<p>A mineral's ability to split easily along flat surfaces.</p>
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compaction

the process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight

<p>the process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight</p>
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crystallization

The process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure

<p>The process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure</p>
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deposition

Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.

<p>Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.</p>
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extrusive rock

Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface

<p>Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface</p>
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basalt

A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust

<p>A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust</p>
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foliated

Term used to describe metamorphic rocks whose grains are arranged in parallel layers or bands.

<p>Term used to describe metamorphic rocks whose grains are arranged in parallel layers or bands.</p>
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fracture

The way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way

<p>The way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way</p>
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grains

the particles of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture

<p>the particles of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture</p>
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granite

A usually light colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust

<p>A usually light colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust</p>
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igneous rock

a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface

<p>a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface</p>
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inorganic

Not formed from living things or the remains of living things

<p>Not formed from living things or the remains of living things</p>
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intrusive rock

Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface.

<p>Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface.</p>
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luster

The way a mineral reflects light

<p>The way a mineral reflects light</p>
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metamorphic rock

A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

<p>A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.</p>
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organic rock

sedimentary rock that forms from remains of organisms deposited in thick layers

<p>sedimentary rock that forms from remains of organisms deposited in thick layers</p>
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rock cycle

A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another

<p>A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another</p>
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texture

The look and feel of a rock's surface, determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rock's grains.

<p>The look and feel of a rock's surface, determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rock's grains.</p>
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weathering

The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances.

<p>The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances.</p>
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crystal

solid in which the atoms are arranged in

an orderly, repeating pattern.

<p>solid in which the atoms are arranged in</p><p>an orderly, repeating pattern.</p>
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hardness

measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.

<p>measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.</p>
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mineral

a non-living material found naturally on earth, with definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure.

<p>a non-living material found naturally on earth, with definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure.</p>
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streak

color of a mineral when it is in powdered form.

<p>color of a mineral when it is in powdered form.</p>
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erosion

the process in which sediment is carried away or moved from one place to another by water, wind, ice, or gravity.

<p>the process in which sediment is carried away or moved from one place to another by water, wind, ice, or gravity.</p>
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Igneous rock

rock formed from the cooling of molten rock; can be extrusive or intrusive depending on if it cooled outside (extrusive) or inside (intrusive) the earth.

<p>rock formed from the cooling of molten rock; can be extrusive or intrusive depending on if it cooled outside (extrusive) or inside (intrusive) the earth.</p>
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Lava

molten rock that has erupted onto Earth's surface.

<p>molten rock that has erupted onto Earth's surface.</p>
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Magma

molten rock below Earth's surface.

<p>molten rock below Earth's surface.</p>
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Metamorphic rock

rock that is formed or changed when existing rocks are exposed to intense heat and pressure

<p>rock that is formed or changed when existing rocks are exposed to intense heat and pressure</p>
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Sediment

parts of rocks, shells, and dead organisms that have been worn down into small pieces

<p>parts of rocks, shells, and dead organisms that have been worn down into small pieces</p>
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Sedimentary rock

rock that is formed when layers of sediment are deposited, compacted, and cemented over long periods of time

<p>rock that is formed when layers of sediment are deposited, compacted, and cemented over long periods of time</p>
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Weathering

the breakdown of rock due to rain, wind, ice, sunlight, and plants.

<p>the breakdown of rock due to rain, wind, ice, sunlight, and plants.</p>
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crystalline structure

atoms arranged in a repeating pattern which gives each mineral a specific and different internal structure

<p>atoms arranged in a repeating pattern which gives each mineral a specific and different internal structure</p>
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coal

Interesting rock composed of the remains of plants that lived in tropical swamps millions of years ago

<p>Interesting rock composed of the remains of plants that lived in tropical swamps millions of years ago</p>
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rocks

naturally formed solids that are made from one or more types of minerals

<p>naturally formed solids that are made from one or more types of minerals</p>
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Mohs Hardness Scale

a scale from 1-10 that measures the hardness of minerals

<p>a scale from 1-10 that measures the hardness of minerals</p>