weeks 3 & 4 intro to crim

Mental Health Definition (WHO)

A state of well-being enabling individuals to cope, work productively, and contribute to community.

Mental Disorder Definition

A syndrome with clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior reflecting dysfunction.

Purpose of Classification

To distinguish psychiatric diagnoses for effective treatment and provide a common language.

DSM-5-TR Characteristics

Uses operational criteria with a polythetic system; primary US classification.

ICD-11 Characteristics

Official world classification providing descriptions and guidance without operational criteria.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Developmental deficits or differences producing functional impairments early in development.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Deficits in social communication/interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.

Schizophrenia Spectrum Domains

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized/abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms.

Schizophrenia Duration Criteria

Lasts for at least 6 months and includes at least 1 month of active-phase symptoms.

Bipolar I Disorder

Characterized by at least one lifetime manic episode.

Bipolar II Disorder

Requires at least one lifetime major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode.

Major Depressive Disorder

Depressed mood or diminished interest in activities nearly every day for at least two weeks.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Intrusion, avoidance, negative cognitions, and arousal symptoms following trauma exposure.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behaviour, or vindictiveness.

Conduct Disorder

Repetitive and persistent pattern violating basic rights of others or major societal norms.

Personality Disorders

Enduring, pervasive patterns of inner experience and behaviour deviating markedly from cultural expectations.

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Odd and eccentric disorders: Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal.

Cluster B Personality Disorders

Dramatic and unpredictable disorders: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic.

Substance Use Disorders

Continued substance use despite significant physiological, cognitive, and behavioural problems.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Recurrent behavioral outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses.

Crime and Mental Disorder Pathways

Relationship involves direct, indirect, and common cause pathways to offending.

Mental Disorder Crime Victimization

Individuals with mental disorders are more frequently victims of crime.

Circular Definition Issue in ASPD

Criminal behavior is used both to diagnose ASPD and explain crime.

Psychopathy in the DSM

Psychopathy is not officially recognized as a mental disorder in the DSM.

Psychopathy vs. Antisocial Personality Disorder

ASPD emphasizes overt behavior, while psychopathy emphasizes interpersonal and affective symptoms.

Core Traits of Psychopathy

Includes shallow emotional responses, lack of empathy, and manipulative attributes.