TV&C2: British culture

when the Western Roman Empire fell

476 CE

when the Middle Ages ended

1453

when the Belgian revolution took place

1830

when the Battle of Waterloo took place

1815

when the Battle of the Golden Spurs took place

1302

when Gutenberg's printed Bible was published

1455

when World War I took place

1914–1918

when the First Crusade took place

1099

when women received suffrage in Belgium

1948

how history relates to the culture wheel

every aspect of the culture wheel can be influenced by history

what is Sutton Hoo

an early 7th-century Anglo-Saxon ship burial discovered shortly before World War II

Basil Brown

archaeologist employed by Edith Pretty to excavate the Sutton Hoo burial mounds

Edith Pretty

owner of the Sutton Hoo estate

the amount of burial mounds Basil Brown excavated

four

meaning ship burial

burial in which a ship serves as the grave, common during the Dark Ages

reason why no wooden ship preserved at Sutton Hoo

the soil was very acidic, so all organic material decayed

evidence of the ship that remained

the imprint of the ship and its iron rivets

pyramid mounts

gold, garnet and glass ornaments, probably used as toggles on a sword belt

origin the golden waffled foil technique

5th-century Eastern Europe

origin of the garnets in the pyramid mounts

Southern India and Sri Lanka

what the imported garnets suggest

extensive international trade routes

why animals were depicted on the Sutton Hoo helmet

to frighten enemies and symbolically transfer the animals' strength to the wearer

major religious transition that took place during the early 7th century

from Celtic paganism to Christianity

how this religious transition reflected in Sutton Hoo

the burial contains both pagan and Christian elements

the person that was most likely buried at Sutton Hoo

Raedwald who was king of East Anglia

reason why Raedwald was most likely buried at Sutton Hoo

he was the first Anglo-Saxon king to convert to Christianity while possibly continuing pagan practices

how the Anglo-Saxons were viewed before Sutton Hoo

crude, violent and illiterate people living in the "Dark Ages"

what Sutton Hoo proved about Anglo-Saxon society

that it possessed remarkable artistic achievements

what Sutton Hoo proved about literary sources such as Beowulf

that many details once thought mythical were based on reality

idea that the Anglo-Saxons established

idea of an English nation

what England originally was called under the Anglo-Saxons

the Heptarchy (seven kingdoms)

who united the Heptarchy into one kingdom

king Aethelstan in 924

language that the Anglo-Saxons spoke

Old English

importance of Old English

forms the basis of Modern English, together with later French influences

importance of the story Beowulf

it’s considered the first great work of English literature

what Beowulf is about

a hero who defeats monsters, protects his people and discovers himself

dialect that Beowulf was written in

West Saxon dialect of Wessex

when Viking raids started in England

793

the Anglo-Saxon kingdom that successfully resisted the Vikings

Wessex

Alfred the Great

king of Wessex who defeated the Vikings in 878

what was the Danelaw

the area of England where Vikings were allowed to settle after Alfred's victory

when King Cnut conquered England

1016

the English family that became powerful under Cnut

the Godwins

King Cnut's sons

Harold Harefoot and Harthacnut

what happened in 1035

King Cnut died, and Harthacnut became king

what happened in 1042

Edward the Confessor became King of England

why Edward depended on the Godwins

because they were the most powerful noble family in England

Edith Godwin

she was Edward the Confessor's wife

Harold Godwinson

Earl of Wessex from 1053 and a skilled warrior and politician

why there was a succession crisis in 1066

Edward the Confessor died without children