Art hist test 1

The Medieval period

• "medium aevum"

• Also called dark ages

• Now called the age of faith

• Rise of all Abrahamic religions

• Italy was the most humanized place, the land was all used up by people

Florence

• Florence sees itself at the new Rome, first spark of the renaissance

  • Started as a literary movement, the write poetry and call themselves "Umanistas" meaning humanists 

  • They are learning Latin because all ancient texts and scrolls are in Latin all our info is in it

    • Trying to retrieve knowledge

Renaissance

• The 12th century renaissance

  • New elegance and warmth, more human 

• renaissance - rebirth, reawakening 

• Movement of umanistas starts proto-renaissance

• So many things were lost and now being rediscovered and is now a rebirth

• New naturalism awareness of and nature

Pico della mirandola

• becomes the best known philosophers of the renaissance

Oration of the dignity of man painting by Pico della mirandola

• Most famous philosophical texts if the 15thC

• Has rebel status and glamour - wealthy family, fashionable friends,

• Pico is in the center of painting next to his friend

Proto Renaissance: 3 things Lead to the senses of the world

• Heightened awareness of nature

• Revival of classical learning

• Individualistic view of man

St Francie of Assisi

• World changing spirit of renewal took place in Florance because of the saint Francie of Assisi

• Picture of the house where he grew up

• He rejected otherworldly or next world focus for the precent one

• Known for praises the beauty and spiritual qualities of nature

  • Talks to the birds

• Going outside to nature 

Francis inspired writers and artist to go outside and draw

• The new humanists were looking to nature, the world around them and the precent moment

Bonaventura berlinghieri's st francis alterpice

• Byzantine style

• Long, flat, static 

• Suggesting the holy figure

• Francis resiveing the stigma on this altarpiece vs the one by Giotto

Giotto's at francis resiving the stigma

• Attempt at a real expression

• Looks real

• Fransis preaching at the birds is the bottom right image in altarpiece

  • Teaching the birds to pray

Fressco of the lamentation over the dead christ shows giottos ideas

• By st pantaleimon nerzi macedonia

• Mourning christ

• Mary is giving birth to him as he dies

• Looking more real

Giotto Bondone

Introduced the techinique of drawing from live

Introduced the technique of drawing accurately from life

• Brings figures to life

• Story teller

• Religious themes felt like real human people

• Figures had natural expressions

• Embodies what Dante called silent space

• Giotto, proto renascence

• Painted the arena chapel, the life of Mary 

Giottos lamentation over the dead christ

• For arena chapel in padua

• They are real

Giotto and the trencto

"as if taken directly from nature"

Giottos annunciation for the arena chapel

• Looks real

Late byzantine Annunciation

• Find things and then redicover things idk

The Maesta by Cimabue assisted by Giotto vs

real

Scrovegni chapel in Padua called the arena chaple

• Has a barrel vault ceiling

• arena chaple

• The last judgment is on the far wall

• Donating the chapel for his sins in it

Giotto works

• Annunciation

• Nativity

• Adorations of magi

• Johnna being swallowed by the whale

  • Literal

• Expulsions from the temple then news of late pregnancy (the kiss vs the kiss of Judas not as loving)

 

For the first time Giotto has natural expression

• They embody what Dante called silent speech

Giotto worked under cimabue

Cimabue was still working in byzantine gothic period

• Crowded, detailed

metal coin

You would get a coin metal with your portrait on it  as your id card if you were a noble, wealthy, powerful, says you are important

Pisanello

Pisanello would draw bodies hanging because he drew what he could see

Pisanello's fressco of st george and the princess

• International Gothic style

• Done in gold leaf

• The prinsess has a side profie like she was on a coin

cimabue the suffering christ

• Christ is suffereing, looks like hes in pain

• Byzantine, static hard lines

• More modern ciersion because of christs suffering, his humanity and dignity rather and his divinity

The measta by cimabue

• Byzantine, static, stuck in an elevator

The maesta assisted by giotto

• Looks more real

thin line

Outline/thin lined in gothic turns to a more fluid line in contour drawing

drawing

Drawings are moving to a way for directly recording and observing nature

• Drawing from nature becomes a everyday practice

• Its part of the modern world

• Origins in structures and language of Human body

• Drawing is the beginning of all other arts

Fransis of Assisi

• when dies and canonized

• goes outside 

• He received a vision from god to repair the church and go out

• Loves nature and animals

• Dies in 1226 and was canonized as a saint in 1228

• The upper and lower churches at Assisi were begun after he died

Giotto's sant Fransis receiving the stomata

• Beams of light

• The seraph or messenger, the burning one

  • Has 6 sings

Giotto st fransis preaching to the birds

• Looks real the: birds and tree

giorgio Vasari Self protate

giorgio  vasari the lives / vite

after medieval ages

After Giotto artists saved art from destruction/ruin, classical past

 

New vision of man leads out of medieval and to modern age, it went back to classical past for inspiration

 

After the fall of the dark ages (classical past) things are being rediscovered

Palaxoo degi Uffizi

most important figure of the renaissance

International style

• From royal courts of Europe

• Marked by rich detail

Pisanello

• Painted bodies or hanged criminals

• Life drawing also meant drawing from death

• Pisanello's painting - the vision of saint e is international gothic 

The inferno  by Dante (painting series)

• Dante and ancient roman poet Virgil

• He is standing alone scared in dark woods until the poet comes

• Then poet leads him through woods

• Then takes him in boat to underworld (fairy man) and fight off figures of the dammed soul

• Dante and Virgil  in hell painting

• They are assailed by demons

• Liquid fire rains down on them

• Run into monsters

• See king of hell

• Poet(Virgil) pushes his old nemesis off

• Dows open to Petrarch the first poet of renaissance and first poet laureate since ancient Rome

Sketchbooks

studies of all kinds of things idk

Disegno

• Drawing, line, structure, weight to the eye

• Pisanello Made Renaissance medal

• The coin that’s like a passport for the royal court

• First to make drawing from life and of the everyday scenes included hanging bodies

• Portrait of lenello d' est by Pisanello

The humanist project

• Comes from Grease

• One of the secularizing influences of the early modern world 

• Bubonic plague laid to waste the movement that was just beginning

 

Siena and gothic/byzantine art

• Sienese reflects byzantine art

• Byzantine art had been still and abstract and Sienese gave them believable soft

• Duccio was the father of Sienese painting and his brothers were founders

• In Tuscany

• Sienese school of painting 

  • No other place outside of Florance had a comparably great school of painting

• People have some expression

• Senese has some of the first largest greatest landscapes of the early renaissances

International gothic style

• Fusion of Italian and northern European art

  • There is a fusion of Italian and European art which lead to the international gothic style   - there is also seanese art

• Prinmary painters

  • Duccio

    • Duccios student simone was influenced by late mediveal manuscreipt illuminations and early internatinal gothic style

  • Simone

  • Lorenzetti

Duccio Rucellai Madonna

• Similar elevator effect

• Jessus is little adult

• Byzantine face

• Subject the measta

• Giotto's still more real

Simone

• Lyrical aspect of Sienese gothic style

  • Making it elegant, and decretive

The great art of sienna by Simone

• First line of hail Mary

• Being told she's goanna be unwed mom maybe idk

• Subject: the annunciation

  • Gabriel giving (bad) news to Mary

Manuscript page from les tres riches heures art

Gentille da fabriano, adoration of the magi

• Very detailed

• Altarpieces

• Gold leaf, crushed gemstones

Walls of sala Della pace

• Frescos by Ambrogio

• Civic art, shows city and how its governed

• Allegoric fresco

• Theme: Affects of good and bad govenrmnt

• Of sienna

• Flat, peacful, calm, everyday 

• Allegoric fresco - effects of good government, showing sienna being ruled by the cardinal virtues

• Peacefull

• Not a lot of movement

• Soft color, warm

• Showing what a good society looks like

Virtue in the renaissance

• Humanists

  • Man as the measure of all things

• Manliness

 

• Independence of humans, independence

Byzantine gothic art taught in Siena

Mode of the royal courts of Europe

Siena had its own tradition

• Lyrical line

• Color

• Order of their city

Good government,  the common good of Siena

• Faith charity and hope are the 3 theological virtues above man

• Peace and magnanimity - signature virtues

• The figure of serenity watches over sienna and says all may go freely..

• On the couch Peace is board because there is nothing to do and fortitude had a shield meaning virtue needs strength and justice if their

• Far right there is soldiers

• Left is the council of 24

• Upper left of fressco wisdom holds a scale, 2angels are holding out justice and commutative and distributive justice

  • D

  • C

Left side if the effects of bad government

• Fallen angel

Cautionary tale  in  sala Della pace

• Angel on the bottom is tied up stuck

• Know basic story time where

• Still town hall od Siena

The plague is in the last scense of dark grey ness

The plague year 1348 Ambrogio was in the height of his fame and he got sick

The plague year

1348

Summary

Sienese gothic

• Painters: Duccio to simon, left imprint of byzantium art of italian art

• Ambrogio fresco cycle shows the commune of sienna

• Allegory of good and bad governments - secular paintings (not religious)

• There is constrain disease 

What lead to the renaissance takes 5 parts

1. Progress of bubonic plague - bad

2. Progress of ottoman empire - not good, scared of them the same amount of scared for the plague

3. The word expedition - age of discovery

4. Revival of Classical canon - secular theology

5. Invention pf printing press

the black death

There wasn’t too many architecture because of the black death

The gothic style continued but not in Florence

 

Renaissance in Florence door competition

• Linen wavers guild , most elite guild funded by the Medici is holding a competition to put Florence back on the map

• The plague put roam in ruins and the 'eternal city' was in decline and Florance was on the rise

• Florance saw itself as the new roam, it was making a comeback

• The competition to decorate a second set of bronze doors for The Florence Baptistry - it’s the symbol of Florance

  • Not the great dome makes it look not as good

• Artists had to make a panel of the scene of The Sacrifice of Issac - in the mideval quature shape

• The sacrifice of Issac - Abraham is told to take his son and cut his throat 

• 2 finalist

  • Left Filippo Brunelleschi

    • Agel is stopping Abraham

    • Scary - Issac is scared, about to get cut and the angel puts his hand in the way, even the lamb is looking away

    • Looks like boy with a thorn

    • You think the boy is going to get murdered

  • Right Lorenzo Ghiberti

    • Issac is heroic - doesn’t look scared

    • Abraham is like poking Issac and not scary

• B did his all separate figure and G was one mold which was easier so they went with his

• Ghiberti one - doors are known as the gates to paradise

• B becomes the epic center of the renaissance

  • He left Florance to Rome for 10 years with Donatello studding the ruins

  • He then made the ancient dome of the pantheon in Rome

• Returns to Florance and they want someone to redesign dome But he won the Medici commission to make the orphanage Ospedale dagli Innocenti

  • It was a new style

    • Had gothic arches

    • Had baby sculptures in blue terracotta in it

• Medici family was the power behind the