Sociology: Chapter 6

Aggregate

Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets. The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a(n):

A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?

Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.

Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:

Reference group

When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _____.

A total institution can be defined as:

An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.

Instrumental function

Grace works in at an advertising agency. Grace's coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research. Her coworkers are serving a(n):

An instrumental leader:

Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

Laissez-faire

Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader.

The group is better informed than they are.

Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:

A bureaucracy

The United States Government is a form of:

Personality-based promotion

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy:

1. Clear division of labor

2. Impersonality

3. Explicit rules

4. Personality-based promotion

The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions.

The McDonalidization of Society refers to:

Conformity

Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of:

The concept "reference groups" can be defined as:

Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.

Coercive organization

A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a:

Utilitarian organization

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a:

Solomon Asch

Which sociological pioneer performed an experiment in which he showed a group of participants a paper with three lines on it, all varying in length, and asked them to compare the lines?

The McDonaldization of Society

When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of:

Authoritarian

In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use?

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:

A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.