Perception: Comprehensive Study Notes (Zagenczyk Transcript) (copy)

What are the three guiding needs in sensemaking according to the lecture notes?

Esteem, Belongingness/affiliation, Reduction of uncertainty/control.

What is the Self-Reference Effect?

Information relevant to our self-concept is processed and remembered well.

What are the three levels of Self-Concept?

Individual, relational, and collective.

What does high clarity in self-concept lead to?

Better performance, leadership, career development, and less threat from conflict.

What is self-verification?

The motivation to confirm and stabilize one's self-concept.

How does high self-esteem affect a person?

Makes them less influenced by external factors, more persistent, and more logical.

What are the two types of attributions in determining behavior?

Internal (within-person) and external (environmental) attributions.

What is the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy process?

Supervisor expectations lead to supervisor behavior, which influences employee motivation and behavior, confirming the original expectations.

What is the difference between Rational Choice and Bounded Rationality?

Rational Choice is a normative approach maximizing value; Bounded Rationality simplifies problems and relies on familiar solutions.

What is the Peak-End Rule?

People judge an event by its peak moment and how it ends, rather than the total experience.

What is the availability heuristic?

The tendency to base decisions on easily accessible information.

What are stereotypes driven by according to the notes?

Social identity through categorization, homogenization, and differentiation.

What is the definition of escalation of commitment?

Continuing a course of action beyond rationality, even when it is failing.

What can improve decision-making according to the notes?

Awareness of perceptual biases and self-awareness strategies.