Rome Sac 4

Goldsworthy on Caesar

the combination of (pompeys) money and caesars money was a strong one

Scullard on the Triumvirate

its formation was a turning point in the history of the free state

Scullard on the origin of the civil war

(the triumvirates) formation...was the ultimate origin of the civil war of 49 BCE

Mary Beard on the triumvirate

there was all kinds of strains, disagreements, and rivalries between the three men

Goldsworthy on pomepey and caesar

the death of julia weakened the bond between caesar and pompey

Goldsworthy on crassus

(the death of) crassus fundamentally shifted the balance of roman public life

Gywnn on individual power

personal dignitas became more important than service to the state

Gywnn on Sulla

one of the most hated men in roman history

Gwynn on the republic

the clash between (pompey and caesar) marked the beginning of the end for the republic

Gwynn, The senate

had lost any authority as the governing body of rome

Appian on the Gracchi

there was no civil butchery until Tiberius Gracchus

Tingay on soldiers

they were willing to follow such a general wherever he led them

Plutarch on farmer soldiers

they fight and die to maintian the luxury and wealth of other men

Lim and Bailkey on Gaius Gracchus laws

introduced to win the favour of the people and undermine the power of the senate

Scullard on roman politics

(the gracchi's) violent ends reveal the volatility of roman political life

Scullard on sullas march on rome

erosion of the republics political norms

Plutarch on the first triumvirate

each seeking to advance his own interests at the expense of the senate

Syme on caesars death

slain for what he was, not what he might become

Scullard on the second triumvirate

represented a shift from a political alliance to outright dictatorship

Scullard on the second triumvirate pt2

marking a decisive break with the ideals of the republic

Mackay on the death of tiberius gracchus

over the years the use of violence became increasingly acceptable

Meier on ceasar

he acted as he saw fit

Meier on caesars dictatorship

in all matters the decisive authority lay with caesar alone

plutarch on pompey

would merely reap the honour of triumph rather than undertake the difficulties of war (mithridates command)

Appian on caesars gallic command

all things were now possible to caesar (through money, large army)

Badian on caesars dictatorship

to graft his divine and hereditary rule onto the republic

Syme on caesars dictatorship

not necessary to belive that caesar planned to establish at rome a hellenistic monarchy...the dictatorship was enough

Syme on the liberators

they stood, not merely for the traditions and institutions of the free state, but very precisely for the dignity and the interests of their own order

Beard on the liberators

it was partly motivated by self interest and digruntlement, driven by the assassins sense of dignitas