Social Studies Final Exam

Explain the Monroe Doctrine.

US foreign policy(europe stays out of US and US stays out of Europe)

What did the Frankfurt Assembly fail to achieve?

Failed to achieve german unification

What social changes emerged as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

New social class (middle class working class)

What was the result of the Crimean War?

The concert of Europe fails and russia is isolated

What led to the revolutionary movements in 1830s and 1840s Europe?

Nationalism

What was the impact of factories on the labor system of Europe?

Regular hours repetitive tasks

What resulted from the harsh working conditions created by the Industrial Revolution?

Socialism becoming popular

Why was Great Britain able to lead the way in the Industrial Revolution?

They have the resources and the wealth

What was the greatest threat to American unity in the mid-1800s?

Slavery

How did foreign investors ensure their continued domination of the Latin American economy?

Draining raw materials, the foreign investors are making them dependent on foreign manufactured goods

What innovations opened up new industrial frontiers during the Second Industrial Revolution?

Technology- steel, chemicals and electricity. Resources- oil

Why did people's lives become more clearly divided into periods of work and leisure in the 19th century?

Industrialization

What was the alliance formed between Great Britain, Russia, and France called?

Triple entente

What was Sigmund Freud's argument about what caused human behavior?

Repressed childhood experiences

The implementation of ministerial responsibility in Western European governments was a sign of what?

Ministerial responsibility- the politicians are responsible to the people not the king. Democracy is expanding

What did wealth distribution look like after the Second Industrial Revolution in the US?

There is a gap between the rich and the poor. There are a relatively small number of very rich and a large number of very poor.

what territories did the United States acquire from Spain in 1898 as a result of the Spanish-American War?

Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines

How did the rise of photography impact the artistic movements of the 1900s?

Abandoned visual reality for individual expression

What did middle-class people in 19th century Europe believe about social structure and values?

Hard work and social etiquette(behavior)

What were some of the problems associated with 19th century urbanization?

Bad sanitation, bad housing, disease, bad working conditions

Why did European nations begin to search for new overseas colonies after 1880?

Needed the resources and needed people to buy the resources. Materials and markets

What were France's motivations to take over Vietnam?

France was also worried about Britain coming in.

Why did Europeans want to colonize West Africa?

Wanted more materials

The rivalry between which two nations led to the colonial takeover of Southeast Asia?

France and Britain

After the Boer War, what did the British agree to in order to appease the Boers?

Allow rights(property and voting)but really only applies for white south africans

what was life like for Africans under European rule?

Bad conditions and little benefit from work

Why did the Great Rebellion in India fail?

No unity between hindus and muslims

What was the goal of the Indian National Congress?

Trying to push for rights for indians.

How did the reign of Porfirio Diaz impact Mexico?

Power and wealth held by a few

How did the increase in exports in Latin America affect those nations' economies?

Middle class grows

What were the internal and external factors that weakened the Qing dynasty in China?

Corruption, peasant unrest(rebelling or protesting) , invasions

How did the Qing policy of self-strengthening affect China?

Trying to balance western technology and traditional chinese values

Why did the United States propose the Open Door policy towards China?

US wanted equal trading with Europeans in China

What did Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles promote?

Promoting nationalism, democracy, and livelihood(like the pursuit happiness)

How did General Yuan Shigai provoke an era of civil war in China?

He creates a new dynasty.

What did Japan agree to in the Treaty of Kanagawa?

Japan opens its ports to western traders

How did the reign of Emperor Mutsuhito affect Japan?

Meiji restoration(modernization of japan)

What was the result of Japan's victory over China in the 1890s?

Japan gains territory(Taiwan and Korea)

Why did Japan decide to pursue imperialist policies?

More land and resources

What did the British sell to China to improve their balance of trade?

Drugs(Opium)

Why were tensions heightened among countries in Europe after 1900s?

Increased militarism(countries resorting to war to solve disputes) and countries mobilizing for war

What did Serbia do to provoke anger from Austria-Hungary?

Pursue nationalism and desire for independence

Which nations were the first to get involved in the initial conflict between Serbia and Austria-Hungary?

Germany and Russia

What was warfare like on the Western Front?

Trench warfare(long battles and little progress)

Why did both the Allies and the Central Powers seek new allies as the war progressed?

They need money and supplies

What was the major cause of the Bolshevik Revolution?

Failures of Czar Nicholas(military and economic)

What led to the outbreak of the Russian civil war after WWI?

Backlash to the Bolshevik government which leads to fighting between communist and anti-communists

Why did the Big Three(Britain US and France) struggle to finalize negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference?

they wanted different things

Why was Germany opposed to the Treaty of Versailles?

Blamed for the war has to pay reparations

How did the end of WWI impact the old empires(Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Germany, and Russia) of Europe?

The old empires break up

Why was the United States not a member of the League of Nations?

The US doesn't ratify the treaty of versailles because they don't want to get involved in europe

What did the French New Deal do for workers?

The right to strike and collective bargaining

Why were US loans to Germany important to the overall European economy after WWI?

Germany uses the loans to pay the reparations

What were Hitler's political theories based on?

Racism and nationalism

How did the problems of the 1920s affect the arts and sciences?

Will both show uncertainty and fear of the future

Unde Mussolini, how did the Italian Fascists use propaganda?

Control public opinion and maintain support for the regime(keep the people supporting the government)

What was the goal of Stalin's Five Year Plans?

Modernize and industrialize the soviet union

Why did parliamentary systems fail in most Eastern European states in the 1920s?

Most do not have a tradition of democracy(germany)

What was the impact of inflation and unemployment in Germany during the Great Depression?

Extreme political parties become popular which leads to authoritarian leaders

Leni Riefenstahl directed which major Nazi propaganda film?

Triumph of the Will

How did Ataturk try to modernize Turkey?(used to be Ottoman Empire)

Removes islamic influence

What fueled tensions between Arabs and Jews in Palestine after WWI?

Both view palestine as a home

What spurred the movement for African independence after WWI?

Increased education

How did Gandhi protest British laws in India?

Civil disobedience(disobeying the laws non-violently)

How did the zaibatsu(big companies)contribute to the rise of militarism in Japan?

Increase economic inequality

Why did the Chinese Nationalists and Communists form an alliance in 1923?

Drive out western imperialists

Explain the Balfour Declaration.

The british supporting a home for jews in palestine and trying not to undermine the right of non-jewish people in palestine or the rights of jews in other countries

Why did Chiang Kai-shek not pursue programs that would redistribute wealth(government transferring wealth from rich to poor)in China?

He needs the support of the middle and land owners and this is scene as communist

What kind of government was chiang Kai-shek trying to build in China?

He's trying to make a republic(but in reality he is a dictator)

How did Latin American nations respond when the Great Depression weakened demand for their exports?

Develop new industry at home

Hitler demanded, and was given, what area in northwestern Czechoslovakia?

Sudetenland

Why did Japan seize Manchuria and northern China?

Want resources and land

Why did Japan create the "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere"?(Japanese propaganda to create asian empire)

Exploit resources from colonies to create war materials

What was the impact of the American bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

Japan surrenders and WWII ends

What did Japan do to address labor shortages during WWII?

The use Korean and Japanese labourers

What was the purpose of bombing cities in WWII?

Weaken morale by targeting civilians

What event led the US to enter WWII?

Pearl Harbour

Why did citizens of the Soviet Union experience severe food and housing shortages during WWII?

Everything is being used for the war

Why was the Battle of Stalingrad(battling russia)a crushing defeat for Germany?

Germany loses it's best troops because of bad winter and lack of supplies

Why was Iwo Jima important to the Allies?

Had a major japanese airfield

What did the US and Great Britain believe about the liberated nations of Eastern Europe after WWII?

They should have free elections

In 1949, what country became communist and provoked US fears about the spread of communism?

China

What was the goal of the Marshal Plan?

Restore economic stability in western europe

What country refused to end its colonial rule in Vietnam after WWII?

France

How was Berlin divided?(after WWII)

Into 4 sectors which are the american british french soviet(american, british and the french merge into west berlin. Soviet sector into east berlin)

What was the plan behind the Unites States' Truman Doctorine?

Give money to countries threatened by communism

Why did the Soviet Union create the Warsaw Pact?(military alliance with the Soviets and Eastern europe)

Reaction to NATO(military alliance of the united states and western europe)

Which government allied with North Korea in its attempt to take over South Korea?

The soviets at first china later

How did the role of women change under the rule of the Chinese Communist Party?

More rights

Which event led to improved relations(detente)between the US and China in the 1970s?

Richard Nixon(US president)meets with Mao Zedong(chinese leader)

What countries were involved in the 1982 conflict over the Falkland Islands?

Argentina and Britain

What were the results of the 1947 UN resolution that sought to divide the Palestine Mandate?

Palestinian refugees will flee to other Arab countries

Who did Fidel Castro's (communist)forces overthrow in Cuba?

Fulgencio Batista

Which South African leader was arrested leading to calls for armed resistance against the white South African government?(apartheid-racial segregation)

Nelson Mandela

Why did Muslim leaders such as the Ayatollah Khomeini oppose the shah of Iran?

The shah is seen as Pro-Western(Pro-US)(materialistic and excess)

What nations were involved in the Suez War of 1956?

Egypt, Israel Britain and France(last imperialist)

Why did Great Britain, France, and Israel join forced in the Suez war of 1956?

Wanted to defeat egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser because he seized the Suez Canal

What country was ruled by the Khmer Rouge?

Cambodia(Cambodian Genocide 2-3 million people died)

Who succeeded Philippine leader Ferdinand Marcos?(dictator)

Corazon Aquino

By 1975, North and South Vietnam had been reunited by who?

North Vietnamese Communist(wins the vietnam war)