Ethnology exam questions 2025 students

SWINE

The bacon type of pig is slaughtered at a live weight of:

A) More than 150 kg

B) Less than 40 kg

C) 40 to 60 kg

D) 90 to 110 kg

D

SWINE

Which breed is known for its ultraconcave profile and large, droopy ears?

A) Hampshire

B) Berkshire

C) Meishan

D) Duroc

C

SWINE

Which pig breed is known for its excellent meat quality and marbling?

A) Landrace

B) Iberian

C) Tamworth

D) Pietrain

B

SWINE

What is incorrect about extensive production in porcine:

A) Using high productive traits breeds

B) Using autochthonous breeds

C) Producing lower quantities

D) Using animals of environmental biotypes

A

SWINE

Identify the option correctly describing the “bacon” biotype in swine production:

A) Pigs are slaughtered at 40 - 60 kg live weight, mainly for lean meat

B) Pigs have a high percentage of fat and are mainly used for charcuterie products

C) They have a balance of muscle and fat, and are slaughtered around 90 - 110 kg live weight

D) It refers to pigs raised only in extensive farming systems

C

SWINE

How many births per female pig per year?

A) 1-2

B) 2-3

C) 3-4

D) 4-5

B

SWINE

How many piglets per litter can hyperprolific pig breeds have?

A) 5–6

B) 9–12

C) 13–15

D) 15–20

D

SWINE

Females have ____ pairs of teats:

A) 4 - 6

B) 5 - 9

C) 6 - 8

D) 5 - 7

B

SWINE

Which of the following pig breeds is not considered to have optimal reproductive characteristics?

A) Large White

B) Landrace

C) Duroc

D) Yorkshire

C

GOATS

What origin do Toggenburg Goats have?

A) France

B) Switzerland

C) Australia

D) Turkey

B

GOATS

Which biotype exhibits a rectangular, muscular body and less developed udder?

A) Dairy

B) Meat

C) Mediterranean

D) Alpine

B

GOATS

What is the scientific name for the domestic goat?

A) Capra petrus

B) Capra circus

C) Capra metrus

D) Capra hircus

D

GOATS

Which of the following best describes an extensive or semi-extensive production system?

A) Breeds with high milk production, housed in free stabling, located in easy geographical areas

B) Breeds with medium or low milk production, grazing marginal or mountainous areas, using farm by-products

C) Breeds managed with high-concentrate diets in controlled environments

D) Breeds with high nutritional needs and housed in intensive indoor systems

B

GOATS

Which of the following traits is most characteristic of the dairy biotype in goats?

A) High muscular development and a rectangular body shape

B) Small udder and strong forequarters

C) Deep thorax, wide abdomen, and well-developed udder

D) Spiral horns and short limbs for climbing

C

GOATS

Which type of goat has long hair?

A) Alpine Type

B) Asian Type

C) Mediterranean (Nubian) Type

D) All of the above

B

GOATS

Which of the following statements is WRONG about the dairy biotype:

A) Strong and straight legs

B) Udder less developed in females during lactation

C) Trunk with straight dorsolumbar line, deep thorax and wide abdomen

D) Sharp shape and scarce muscle development

B

GOATS

Which goat type typically has long and lopped ears and a convex profile?

A) Alpine type

B) Asian type

C) Mediterranean (Nubian) type

D) None of the above options are correct

C

SHEEP

At how many weeks does weaning take place in the intensive farming system?

A) 2–3 weeks

B) 6 weeks

C) 3–4 weeks

D) 8 weeks

C

SHEEP

Which of the following is the oldest sheep breed branch in Spain?

A) Iberian branch

B) Churro branch

C) Merino branch

D) Medium-fine type

C

SHEEP

Which sheep breed is known for its high milk production?

A) Lacaune

B) Texel

C) Charollais

D) Romanov

A

SHEEP

Ojalada is from:

A) Medium-fine type

B) Iberian branch

C) Churro branch

D) Merino branch

B

SHEEP

What is an important characteristic of Spanish sheep with a medium-fine type coat?

A) They are only used for high-end wool production

B) They are adaptable to multiple climates and are dual-purposed for milk and meat

C) They can only survive in mountainous regions and produce coarse, thick wool

D) They are mainly bred for producing lambs with very high fat content

B

SHEEP

How much wool does a sheep produce in a year?

A) 1–5 kg

B) 2–10 kg

C) 3–15 kg

D) 4–20 kg

SHEEP

What type of wool is produced by the Merino breed?

A) Coarse

B) Fine

C) Medium

D) Black fleece

B

SHEEP

Which of the following statements about wool characteristics is false?

A) Fine wool has a fibre diameter of 12–25 µm.

B) Medium wool includes breeds like Churra and Latxa

C) Sheep typically produce between 2–10 kg of wool per year.

D) Closed-type wool covers the entire skin surface.

B

CATTLE

In which biotypes do we observe a predominance of the forequarters?

A) Beef biotype

B) Dairy biotype

C) Both dairy and beef biotype

D) Rustic biotype

D

CATTLE

At how many months are suckle calves slaughtered?

A) 1 year old

B) 15 months

C) 18 months old

D) 9 months old

B

CATTLE

Which cow breed is known for its high milk production and black and white coat?

A) Jersey

B) Holstein

C) Simmental

D) Brown Swiss

B

CATTLE

Which of the following statements about the aurochs is CORRECT?

A) The aurochs was shorter and lighter than modern cattle.

B) The last aurochs herd disappeared in Germany in 1727.

C) Aurochs were known for being docile and easy to manage.

D) Aurochs bulls could reach up to 2 meters in height and had horns up to 80 cm.

D

CATTLE

What is a key difference between suckled calves and dairy calves in meat production?

A) Suckled calves are artificially fed with milk replacers

B) Dairy calves are usually kept with their mothers until slaughter

C) Suckled calves are naturally weaned and sent to feedlots later than dairy calves

D) Both types are weaned at birth and fattened the same way

C

CATTLE

Which biotype has a predominance of forequarters?

A) Rustic

B) Beef

C) Dairy

D) All of the above

A

CATTLE

What is the subfamily of cattle?

A) Bovinae

B) Bovidae

C) Bos taurus

D) Caprinae

A

CATTLE

What theory is considered the most likely origin of cattle?

A) Hybridization theory

B) Polyphyletic theory

C) Monophyletic theory

D) Evolutionary divergence theory

C

CATTLE

Which biotype is correctly matched with its main characteristic?

A) Beef biotype – Angular body shape and slim limbs

B) Dairy biotype – Rectangular body and double muscling

C) Rustic biotype – Predominance of forequarters

D) Dairy biotype – Predominance of forequarters

C

HORSES AND DONKEYS

What is the gestation period for a mare?

A) 365–385 days

B) 329–345 days

C) 22–32 days

D) 490–500 days

B

HORSES AND DONKEYS

What is the reproductive cycle of horses?

A) Seasonally polyestrous, receptive 1 time a year during spring

B) Continuous estrous cycle, receptive throughout the year

C) Monoestrous, receptive only once in their every few years

D) Seasonally polyestrous, receptive multiple times a year during specific seasons

D

HORSES AND DONKEYS

What is a common characteristic of ponies?

A) Long, slender legs

B) Height less than 1.48 m

C) High head carriage

D) Large body mass

B

HORSES AND DONKEYS

How long is the typical gestation period of a mare?

A) 250–280 days

B) 300–320 days

C) 329–345 days

D) 365–400 days

C

HORSES AND DONKEYS

What is a biological feature that differentiates donkeys from horses?

A) Donkeys have a shorter gestation period than horses

B) Donkeys have long ears, an erect mane, and typically live longer than horses

C) Donkeys have smaller hooves and fewer teeth than horses

D) Donkeys have a convex profile, while all horses have concave profiles

B

HORSES AND DONKEYS

How long is the seasonally polyestrous cycle of horses?

A) 32 days

B) 21 days

C) 22 days

D) 31 days

C

HORSES AND DONKEYS

What defines a pony in height?

A) < 150 cm

B) < 148 cm

C) < 130 cm

D) < 120 cm

B

HORSES AND DONKEYS

What is the gestation length of donkeys?

A) 310 days

B) 340 days

C) 365 days

D) 390 days

C

HORSES AND DONKEYS

A pony that measures 1.25 meters at the withers belongs to which category?

A) Category A

B) Category B

C) Category C

D) Category D

C

CATS

What eye colour do Ragdoll cats have?

A) Green

B) Blue

C) Gold

D) Orange

B

CATS

Why do all orange and cream cats exhibit tabby markings?

A) The O gene prevents solid colour expression

B) The orange pigment cannot mask tabby pattern

C) The tabby gene is dominant over all other genes

D) The red pigment expresses only on agouti hairs

B

CATS

What is the common characteristic of Siamese cats?

A) Almond shaped blue eyes

B) Round green eyes

C) Short dense coat

D) Curly fur

A

CATS

About cat domestication, which one is incorrect:

A) It was first used to control rodent populations

B) It was first used in Egypt to protect the owner

C) It is suggested to begin at 7500 BC

D) During Middle Ages in Europe, cats were associated with witches and killed

B

CATS

What is the role of the Inhibitor (I) gene in a cat’s coat coloration?

A) It causes red and black pigment to mix randomly

B) It dilutes all pigment in the coat to white

C) It prevents pigment production in the base of the hair, leading to a silver or smoke effect

D) It activates pigment only in the warmest areas of the body

C

CATS

Which two colors are primary in cat coat color?

A) White and black

B) Chocolate and cinnamon

C) Red and cinnamon

D) Red and black

D

CATS

Which cat coat effect involves coloration/pigmentation on only the tip of the hair shaft?

A) Shaded

B) Ticked

C) Tipped (aka Chinchilla)

D) Smoked

C

DOGS

A dog of 55 cm height is considered?

A) Large breed

B) Toy breed

C) Medium breed

D) Small breed

C

DOGS

What is the defining characteristic of a “sickle tail”?

A) Short, straight tail curled at the tip

B) Tail curled in a tight circle over the back

C) Gently curved tail held above the level of the back

D) Double curled tail carried low

C

DOGS

Which breed is known for its webbed feet, making it an excellent swimmer?

A) Pug

B) Dachshund

C) Labrador Retriever

D) Chihuahua

C

DOGS

Which of those dogs are not part of the pointing dogs?

A) Gordon Setter

B) Brittany Spaniel

C) Rhodesian Ridgeback

D) Weimaraner

C

According to Sanson’s classification, which type of skull is associated with breathing issues like BOAS (Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome)?

A) Dolichocephalic

B) Mesocephalic

C) Brachycephalic

D) Lupocephalic

C

Which breeds are part of group 4 in the official breed classification?

A) Terriers

B) Dachshunds

C) Pointing dogs

D) Spitz and primitive types

B

Which dog type is correctly matched with its morphological description according to Pierre Mégnin?

A) Molossoid – Head shaped like an elongated cone, narrow skull, tapered muzzle, slender body, belly well drawn up

B) Braccoid – Appearance of a pointer, prism-shaped head, falling ears, long lips

C) Graioid – Massive head, “cuboid”, short and powerful muzzle, solidly built body

D) Lupoid – Appearance of a pointer, prism-shaped head, falling ears, long lips

B

According to Baron’s classification based on body proportions, which body type is described as having a light build, long body members, long muzzle and not a very marked stop?

A) Mesomorphic

B) Brachymorphic

C) Dolichomorphic

D) Sub-short-lined

C

What is Baron’s synaleptic trio?

A) Weight, profile, proportions

B) Weight, proportions, tail length

C) Deciduous teeth, adult teeth, length of gestation

D) Name, age, intact or neutered status

A

According to Baron’s classification, what does the synaleptic trio represent?

A) Weight, color and behaviors

B) Height, weight and length

C) Weight, profile and proportion

D) Weight, length and color

C

In Baron’s classification, what does the term “eumetric” refer to?

A) Animals with below-average weight

B) Animals with extremely long bodies

C) Animals with average body size for their species

D) Animals with a concave facial profile

C

What does the term “aloidism” mean in regards to Baron’s classification?

A) Proportions of the animal

B) Animal behavior

C) Head profile or silhouette

D) Skin and appendages

C

What does the term “beauty” refer to in terms of animal characteristics?

A) Aesthetic appeal to humans

B) Presence of rare coat colors

C) Similarity with the breed standard and correct aptitude

D) Unique physical traits

C

An animal whose skull’s width is superior to its length is classified as _____, according to Sanson’s breed classification:

A) Brachycephalic

B) Mesocephalic

C) Dolichocephalic

D) None of the above

A

According to Baron’s classification system (Synaleptic Trio), which of the following represents a dog that is eumetric, has an orthoid (straight) profile, and is mesomorphic in proportions?

A) (+, +, +)

B) (–, –, –)

C) (0, 0, 0)

D) (+, 0, –)

C

According to Baron’s classification, what does the term ‘eumetric’ refer to?

A) Animals with over-average weights for the species

B) Animals with the smallest weights within the species

C) Animals with average weights for the species

D) Animals with varying weights depending on breed

C

For what type of production ability is a precocious breed not necessary?

A) Production ability linked to meat production

B) Production ability linked to dairy production

C) Production ability linked to reproductive characteristics

D) Production ability linked to egg production

A

Which of the following is the zootechnical characteristic?

A) Body temperature

B) Reproductive activity

C) Lifespan

D) Length proportion

B

Which animal has the highest fat content in milk?

A) Cow

B) Goat

C) Sheep

D) Mare

C

What is a carcass?

A) The live animal once it reaches the age of 2

B) The body of the animal after slaughter, without its blood, viscera, skin, and head (in pigs the head is included)

C) The blood, bones, liver, brain, and intestines

D) A method of transporting production animals between farms

B

Which species has the best cheese-making properties due to its high fat and protein content in milk?

A) The cow

B) The goat

C) The sheep

D) The sow

C

Which species typically has the shortest gestation period?

A) Cat

B) Dog

C) Pig

D) Rabbit

D

What is the definition of feed conversion ratio (FCR)?

A) Average daily feed intake per animal

B) Weight of carcass divided by feed cost

C) Amount of feed needed to produce 1 kg of live weight

D) Time taken to reach market weight

C

A sign of a female in an oestrous cycle (heat cycle) is:

A) One more teat

B) Swollen vulva

C) Humping

D) Excessive licking of genitals

B

What does the Fertility Index measure?

A) The percentage of females that successfully give birth after mating

B) The percentage of pregnant females after mating

C) The total number of births in a given period

D) The percentage of fertilized eggs that develop into offspring

B

Which of the following is an example of a “seasonally polyestrous” animal?

A) Cattle

B) Pigs

C) Sheep

D) Bitch

C

What would be a Chestnut horse with a cream dilution?

A) Perlino

B) Cremello

C) Palomino

D) Isabella

C

Which genotype results in a chestnut coat color in horses?

A) EE or Ee

B) Ee, Aa

C) ee

D) E_, aa

C

What pigment is primarily responsible for black hair in horses?

A) Pheomelanin

B) Carotene

C) Eumelanin

D) Melatonin

C

What coat pattern do Appaloosas have?

A) Skewbald

B) Piebald

C) Spotted

D) Mealy or Pangare

C

Which base coat results from the presence of at least one dominant E allele and homozygosity for A (AA or Aa)?

A) Black

B) Chestnut

C) Bay

D) Smoky cream

C

Which pigment is responsible for red hair?

A) Melanin

B) Eumelanin

C) Pheomelanin

D) Carotene

C

What is the effect of a grey gene in horses?

A) Creates a dun dilution with primitive markings

B) Causes coat colour to fade with age, overriding base colour

C) Produces red coats with black points

D) Only appears in chestnut horses

B

A horse with the genotype (ee, __, Cr) is most likely a:

A) Bay

B) Buckskin

C) Palomino

D) Grullo

C

Palomino is a _____ dilution:

A) Cream

B) White

C) Dun

D) Silver

A

What are the two basic coat pigments in horses?

A) Melanin and Keratin

B) Eumelanin and Pheomelanin

C) Carotene and Xanthophyll

D) Hemoglobin and Myoglobin

B

Which of the following statements about horse coat color genetics is incorrect?

A) The A gene, called agouti, fades the coat colour, but not the mane, tail or eyes (they remain dark)

B) The Silver dilution (Z,z) is dominant

C) Horses can carry up to 2 copies of the cream gene (Cr)

D) The gene A modifies the colour of chestnut horses

D