Final Exam Sports History

According to historians like E.J. Hobsbawm, what other human endeavor, besides sport, binds modern nations together with such energy?

War

When the Football Association met in 1863, they drew up the rules for which football code?

Soccer

What is the relationship described in the text between Kant’s deontological ethics and Bentham’s utilitarian ethics?

Deontological ethics address possible weaknesses in utilitarian ethics.

Where did Jacques-Louis David’s painting of the Third Estate meeting to promulgate a new constitution take place?

A tennis court

Which variety of football was initially dominated by "gentlemen" amateurs but was soon taken over by the urban masses and working-class professionals?

Soccer football

What kind of conclusions on the flopping debate would be generated by utilitarianism and deontological ethics?

They could generate the same conclusion.

The leading homeland in the development of national pastimes was:

Great Britain

According to the chapter notes, what promotes meaningful fraternity?

Both sport tests and contests provide sources for meaningful fraternity

American football:

Evolved from English rugby football

If a deontologist were to argue against flopping, which of the following would NOT be a consideration?

It does not produce the greatest balance of pleasure over displeasure for the spectators.

A branch of philosophy that Coubertin won in the Olympic games (event is no longer part of the Olympics).

Aesthetics

The 1936 Olympic games in Berlin was the first sporting event in history to be .

televised

Sport has value, it should not be considered as an art form like painting or sculpture.

aesthetic

A bestselling book helped convince Pierre de Coubertin of the importance of physical education and competitive sport.

Tom Brown’s Schooldays

The Olympic games historically discriminated against athletes on the basis of , , , and .

gender, race, nationality, and social class

Ethical criticism against having international sport events as a tool for powerful nations.

to assert propaganda

One component of Olympism.

sport as a mechanism to develop a balance of mind, body, and will

sport as a tool to forge a person’s moral and physical character, sport as a tool for promoting mutual understanding

Reason for the Soviet Union to initially refuse to participate in the Olympic games.

They believed it was an inherently capitalist and exploitive bourgeois invention; it excluded women, members of the working classes, and nonwhites; it was dominated by European and North American members

Reason for the Soviet Union to initially refuse to participate in the Olympic games?

They believed it was dominated by European and North American members

Which branch of philosophy was part of an event that Coubertin won in the Olympic games?

Aesthetics

The 1936 Olympic games in Berlin was the first sporting event in history to be televised. True or False?

True

Philosophers of sport have argued that while sport has aesthetic value, it should not be considered as an art form like painting or sculpture. True or False?

True

What bestselling book helped convince Pierre de Coubertin of the importance of physical education and competitive sport?

Tom Brown’s Schooldays

Despite purporting to be both inclusive and universal, the Olympic games historically discriminated against athletes on the basis of gender, race, nationality, and social class. True or False?

True

Cooperation between International Olympic Committee leadership and feminist movements in the prewar and interwar periods led to rapid and permanent gains toward the acceptance and promotion of women’s participation in the Olympic games. True or False?

False

What is one ethical criticism against having international sport events?

It can be a tool for powerful nations to assert propaganda.

Jesse Owens’ four gold medal victories at the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games ensured that the United States finished atop the overall Olympic medal standings. True or False?

False

Which of the following is NOT identified as a component of Olympism?

Sport as a mode for combating fascism, communism, and other political ideologies

Why did the Soviet Union initially refuse to participate in the Olympic games?

All of the above are true. (They believed it was an inherently capitalist and exploitive bourgeois invention; They believed it excluded women, members of the working classes, and nonwhites; They believed it was dominated by European and North American members.)

How does causation work for holists?

Reciprocally between atoms and ideas.

Are the modern Olympic games a truly global festival that incorporate cultural sporting practices from around the world?

False.

In what part of the world have governments mandated the preservation of traditional sports while also advocating for participation in modern sports like the Olympics?

North Africa.

What was Phil Jackson trying to do with Zen meditation?

Complement modern science and basketball theory with Zen meditation.

According to Merleau-Ponty, how is human behavior best defined?

Ambiguous

What is one of the biggest differences between traditional and modern sports?

Traditional sports are often connected to religious rituals, while modern sports are usually secular.

What were the 'Savage Olympics'?

An anthropological sporting contest between the supposedly 'primitive' and 'uncivilized' peoples of the world.

What happened to the games and pastimes played by indigenous peoples before European colonization?

Are now almost all extinct

According to the holistic triangle, what is the relationship between rules related to chemical compounds and rules of psychology?

Rules related to chemical compounds allow for, but cannot explain, emergent rules of psychology.

What are the primary alternatives to holism?

Dualism and materialism.

Scientists have discovered a genetic advantage held by black athlets over white counterparts that explains black athlete's’ supremacy in sports including sprinting, distance running, and basketball. True for False?

False

California-born female tennis player Billie Jean King, who spearheaded the fight for fair and equal pay

amassed 12 major single titles and reigned as number one, organized mass boycotts of low-paying professional events, persuaded the Philip Morris tobacco company to finance the creation of the Virginia slims Tennis Circuit for women, defeated former men’s Wimbledon singles champion Bobby Riggs

The argument that performance-enhancing drugs should be banned because using them is cheating is known as

a circular argument

Phenomenology focuses on investigation through first-person subjective experience rather than the more traditional third-person objective account. True or False?

True

The soviet union and its communist allies were alone in their application of the latest technological, physiological, and pharma logical innovations to elite sport, true or false?

True

Arguments about fairness with transgender athletes often overlook which counterargument?

Transgender women are mostly within the physiological ranges of cisgender women athletes.

Intersectionality involves the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, sexual orientation, religion, and gender as they are applied to a given individual or group and create overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage. True or False?

True

Which of the following might be an ethical issues posed by high school teams using wearable devices to monitor athletes’ training

the accessibility, retention, dissemination, and use of sensitive biometric data with minors.

The Amateur sports act of 1978 made the u.s. federal government a partner in the financing and organization of u.s. olympic teams. True or False?

True

Black athletes overwhelmingly supported the Olympic Project for Human Right’s proposed boycott of the 1968 Olympic games. True or False?

False