Intro to earth Science

Unit 1

this semester

1. what makes up the earth

2. what processes shape the earth

3. how processes shape the earth

4. how those processes shape the earth

earth

biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, solid earth

Biosphere

life, constantly changing humans grow exponentionally and have a huge impact.

Hydropsphere

71% of earth surface is covered in water. 97% salt water—elixir of life

Atmosphere

gages, 90% lies within 10 miles of earth’s surface.

Solid Earth

Includes all the rocks and minerals from the Earth’s surface to its center, 24,860 around it N to S; 24,902 around it to E to W

Natural Disasters

Tsunamis, volcanoes, hurricanes, tornadoes, land slides, floods, earthquakes occur all the time and the more we know about them the more we can prepare

Natural resources

renewable resources (food, trees, water) nonrenewable (ores, fossil, fuels, water)

Environmental issues

human actions can negatively impact earth and components

Scientific inquiry

1. observe nature/develop Q

2. explanation for observation hypothesis

3. test predictions with experiments or observations

4. conclusion-analyze results (gain knowledge)

5. Modify explanation as needed

6. repetition

Atom

smallest particle of matter that has characteristics of an element (112 known elements)

Atoms are made up of

protons, neutrons, electrons and they have a nucleus

cation

atom that is positive overall, more protons than electrons

anion

atom is negative, more elections that protons

protons=electrons

neutral atom

How many atoms do we have?

112

valence electrons

outermost electrons of an atom

Covalent bons

valence electrons of 2 atoms are shared equally between the atoms forming a more stable product

Ionic bond

this type of bond occurs when electrons from 1 atom are passed to a 2nd atom creating opposite electrical forces that attract 2 atoms. ex: salt

metallic bonds

bonds form when closely packed metallic atoms share delocalized valence electrons.