Module 9: Care of a Child with a Cardiovascular System Disorder

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering pediatric cardiovascular disorders, treatments, and diagnostic procedures from Module 9.

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

A hole in the septum between the atria that causes oxygenated blood to be pushed from the higher-pressure left side to the right side of the heart.

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

The most common heart anomaly, consisting of a hole in the septum between the ventricles that results in a loud harsh murmur with a systolic thrill.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A condition where the shunt between the aorta and pulmonary artery does not close after birth, resulting in recirculated oxygenated blood through the lungs, bounding radial pulses, and a wide pulse pressure.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

A cyanotic heart defect characterized by four primary features: stenosis of the pulmonary artery, hypertrophy of the right ventricle, dextroposition (overriding) of the aorta, and VSD.

Coarctation of the Aorta

A congenital constriction of the aorta where blood pressure is high above the constriction and low below it.

Kawasaki Disease

Also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, this is an acute, non-contagious febrile illness in children under 5 involving medium vessel vasculitis.

Cardiac catheterization

A diagnostic procedure where a catheter is inserted through the femoral vein (groin) or arm to reach the heart's blood vessels for imaging or repairs.

Dacron Patch

A repair material made of polyester fiber used in open heart surgery that has great tensile strength and allowed human tissue to grow over it.

Polycythemia

The production of too many Red Blood Cells ($RBCs$) in response to chronic hypoxia, often presenting with dizziness, weakness, and discoloration in the hands and face.

Tet Spell

Hypercyanotic episodes in children with Tetralogy of Fallot, often occurring during crying or feeding, where the skin becomes bluish.

IV gamma globulin (IVIG)

A blood product treatment for Kawasaki Disease consisting of antibodies collected from pooled human plasma to provide passive immunity.

Strawberry tongue

A clinical sign of Kawasaki Disease characterized by an inflamed, red tongue with a bumpy appearance.

Tachycardia

One of the first signs of Congestive Heart Failure ($CHF$) in pediatric patients, characterized by an abnormally rapid heart rate.

Bacterial endocarditis

A complication of cardiovascular health issues that can be prevented by teaching good oral hygiene to avoid bacteremia.

Squatting

A characteristic compensatory position taken by children with Tetralogy of Fallot to catch their breath during episodes of dyspnea.

Acyanotic classification

A category of congenital heart disease that causes increased pulmonary blood flow, including $ASD$, $VSD$, and $PDA$.

Cyanotic classification

A category of congenital heart disease that causes decreased pulmonary blood flow, such as Tetralogy of Fallot ($TOF$).

Congenital Heart Disease Incidence

Consists of $8-12/1000$ of live births, and is a major cause of death in the first year of life.