TOEFL iBT Preparatory Advanced Course Vocabulary Session 1

Vocabulary list for TOEFL iBT preparation sessions including cognitive terms, academic vocabulary, and descriptive adjectives with synonyms.

assessment

evaluation/judgment; syn: evaluation, appraisal

dilemma

difficult choice; syn: predicament, quandary

ideology

system of beliefs; syn: philosophy

plausibility

believability; syn: credibility, likelihood

assumption

belief without proof; syn: supposition, presumption

discrimination

unfair treatment; syn: prejudice, bias

ingenuity

clever creativity; syn: inventiveness, originality

pondering

deep thinking; syn: reflection, contemplation

bafflement

confusion; syn: bewilderment, perplexity

doubt

uncertainty; syn: suspicion, hesitation

inspiration

motivation/stimulus; syn: encouragement, influence

prejudice

unfair opinion; syn: bias, intolerance

bias

unfair preference; syn: partiality, prejudice

estimate

rough calculation; syn: approximation, evaluation

intuition

instinctive understanding; syn: instinct, insight

presumption

assumption; syn: supposition, belief

concentration

focus; syn: attention, absorption

faith

trust/belief; syn: confidence, trust

justification

valid reason; syn: excuse, rationale

query

question; syn: inquiry, request

consideration

careful thought; syn: deliberation, reflection

gathering

meeting/collection; syn: assembly, collection

naivety

innocence/lack of experience; syn: innocence, gullibility

reckoning

calculation/judgment; syn: estimation, opinion

contemplation

deep thought; syn: meditation, reflection

genius

exceptional intelligence; syn: prodigy, mastermind

notion

idea; syn: concept, belief

reflection

serious thought; syn: consideration, meditation

cynicism

distrustful attitude; syn: skepticism, pessimism

grasp

understanding; syn: comprehension, hold

optimism

positive outlook; syn: hopefulness, confidence

scepticism

doubt; syn: disbelief, suspicion

deduction

logical conclusion; syn: inference, reasoning

guesswork

guessing without facts; syn: speculation, estimation

paradox

seeming contradiction; syn: contradiction, irony

speculation

guessing without proof; syn: assumption, theory

deliberation

careful discussion; syn: consideration, debate

hunch

strong feeling; syn: intuition, suspicion

pessimism

negative outlook; syn: negativity, hopelessness

supposition

assumption; syn: hypothesis, belief

academia

academic world; syn: scholarship, education sector

graduation

completion of studies; syn: completion, commencement

conscientiousness

careful diligence; syn: diligence, responsibility

ignorance

lack of knowledge; syn: unawareness, illiteracy

cram

study intensively in short time; syn: memorize, stuff

inattention

lack of focus; syn: negligence, distraction

curriculum

course of study; syn: syllabus, program

intellect

mental ability; syn: intelligence, mind

distance learning

remote education; syn: online learning, e-learning

intelligence

ability to learn/reason; syn: intellect, brainpower

intensity

strong degree; syn: strength, severity

knowledge

information/understanding; syn: awareness, learning

lecture

formal lesson; syn: talk, presentation

mock exam

practice test; syn: trial test, practice exam

plagiarism

copying others’ work; syn: copying, theft of ideas

self-study

independent learning; syn: autonomous study, individual study

seminar

discussion class; syn: workshop, session

special needs

need for extra support; syn: additional support, learning difficulties

tuition

teaching fee/instruction; syn: fees, instruction

tutorial

small-group lesson; syn: coaching session, guidance

abandon (v)

desert, leave behind

able (adj)

capable, qualified, fit

abolish (v)

end, eliminate

abrupt (adj)

sudden, hasty, unexpected

acclaim (v/n)

applaud, praise, honor; applause, praise

accommodating (adj)

helpful, welcoming, cooperative

acrid (adj)

bitter, sharp, biting

adapt (v)

adjust, modify

adept (adj)

skillful, expert

adhere (v)

stick, cling

admonish (v)

warn, caution, advise

adorn (v)

decorate, ornament

advent (n)

coming, arrival

adverse (adj)

hostile, negative, contrary

affluent (adj)

rich, wealthy, prosperous, well-to-do, thriving

aggravate (v)

annoy, irritate; intensify, worsen

aggregate (adj)

entire, total, combined

agile (adj)

graceful, nimble, lively

ailment (n)

sickness, illness, disease

allot (v)

divide, distribute

amazing (adj)

astonishing, astounding, surprising, startling

amiable (adj)

agreeable, congenial, pleasant, friendly

anticipate (v)

foresee, expect, predict

anxious (adj)

worried, nervous; eager, avid

appraise (v)

evaluate, estimate, assess

apt (adj)

suitable, proper; likely, prone

arduous (adj)

difficult, strenuous, exhausting

arid (adj)

dry, barren

aroma (n)

fragrance, smell, odor, scent

artificial (adj)

synthetic, imitation, man-made

astonishing (adj)

surprising, amazing, astounding

astute (adj)

intelligent, clever, perceptive

attain (v)

accomplished, achieve

augment (v)

supplement, increase, strengthen, expand

austere (adj)

strict, harsh, severe, stern

authentic (adj)

genuine, true

averse (adj)

opposed to, against, hostile to

aversion (n)

dislike, hostility, fear