US HISTORY 1 FINAL

Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

What compromise established a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the House of Representatives and equal representation in the Senate?

Connecticut Compromise

What is the Connecticut Compromise also called?

Great Compromise

What did the Connecticut Compromise establish with the House?

population

What did the Connecticut Compromise establish with the Senate?

equal representation

The Connecticut Compromise combined elements of both plans and paved the way for the final drafting and ratification of what?

Constitution

What stipulated that three-fifths of the enslaved population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives?

Three-Fifths compromise

In the 3/5ths Compromise, three-fifths of the enslaved population would be counted for determining what two things?

taxation and representation

The 3/5ths compromise impacted slaveholding states in what way?

disproportionate representation

What did the 3/5ths compromise grant slaveholding states?

overrepresentation but increased taxes

The ratification succeeded with the promise of a _____ ___ _____ to address concerns about insufficient protections for individual liberties.

Bill of Rights

What is the Constitution's first 10 amendments that guarantee many of our most cherished liberties, including the freedom of religion, the freedom of speech, the right to keep and bear arms, and the right to a jury trial?

Bill of Rights

Who pointed out the missing Bill of Rights as a fatal flaw in the new Constitution?

anti-federalists

What amendment?

Freedom of religion, press, speech, assembly, and petition.

1

What amendment?

Militia and bear arms.

2

What amendment?

Quartering of Soldiers

3

What amendment?

Right to be secure in your home.

No unreasonable search or seizure.

Probable cause for search

Warrants

4

What amendment?

Right to a Grand Jury for a crime

Not tried twice for the same crime.

Not forced to self-incriminate.

Due process.

No taking property without compensation.

5

What amendment?

Right to a speedy trial.

Witnesses and attorneys.

Have to be told what you are accused for.

6

What amendment?

Right to a jury trial in a civil case (over 20).

Cannot ask for another trial.

7

What amendment?

Reasonable punishments for a crime.

No excessive bail.

8

What amendment?

Rights will be protected, listed or not.

9

What amendment?

Anything the Constitution does not say that Congress can do, is left up to the states.

10

Who was the first president of the US and served 8 years?

George Washington

What was notable about Washington's election?

unanimous

What precedent of George Washington's set the tone for future presidential addresses and established unity, public service, and respect for constitution?

Inaugural address

What precedent of George Washington's established regularly communicating with Congress and a practice of executive-legislative dialogue and cooperation?

messages to congress (PD state of union address)

What precedent of George Washington's was a crucial step in establishing an effective and functional executive branch

in which cabinet are advisors selected by the president?

cabinet form of executive branch

What precedent of George Washington's established the first justices of the Supreme Court and played a vital role in shaping the judiciary and establishing its authority?

supreme court justices

In addition, what limit did GW set on terms?

2 term limit

Who did George Washington appoint to the Cabinet who were political rivals?

Jefferson and Hamilton

- owned slaves and had a long term relationship with Sally Hemmings, who he enslaved

- Agrarian society with limited federal power

- States rights and individual liberties

- Decentralized government for the interests of farmers and common people

- Individual self-sufficiency

Thomas Jefferson

-Strong, centralized government

-Industrialization, commerce, and a robust financial system.

-Economic plans aimed to strengthen federal govs. power

National bank, Consolidating debts, Protective tariffs

- Government intervention to promote economic growth and national stability

Alexander Hamilton

The debate on the bank really came down to federal power vs state power. What did Jefferson believe?

states control money

The debate on the bank really came down to federal power vs state power. What did Hamilton believe?

central bank

Whose program highlighted the differing interpretations of the Constitution and the urge for the establishment of a national bank? This proposal sparked Jefferson's suspicions and fears of a monarchy, and he argued that the Constitution did not grant Congress the power to establish a bank.

Hamilton's

Who led the FEDERALISTS?

Hamilton

Who led the DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS?

Jefferson

3 beliefs of the FEDERALISTS

strong central government, national bank, diverse economy

3 beliefs of the DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

states rights, strict interpretation of Constitution, agrarian economy

What shaped the ongoing debate about federal power versus states' rights?

Hamilton-Jefferson feud

The Hamilton-Jefferson rivalry entrenched what system?

two party

During whose presidency did the Whiskey Rebellion occur?

George Washington

The tax on whiskey in 1791 was part of whose plan to pay off national debt?

Hamilton

What was the event where western PA farmers felt the tax was unfair? There was refusal to pay and threats and violence towards tax collectors. Farmers rebelled against whiskey tax.

Whiskey Rebellion

What did the Whiskey Rebellion demonstrate?

ability of the federal government to enforce law

In the Whiskey Rebellion, the first real challenge to the federal government's authority, troops were led by whom?

George Washington

What election was between Jefferson and Adams?

1796

What was significant about the 1796 election?

first contested election (also political parties)

What political affiliation was Jefferson?

Democratic Republican

What political affiliation was Adams?

federalist

Who won the election of 1796?

Adams

What election had the problem that the president and VP were from 2 different parties?

1796

What election was between Jefferson and Adams, but turned out to be Jefferson and Burr?

1800

What two candidates (a president and its vp) received the same number of electoral votes?

Jefferson and Burr

What happened in the election of 1800?

tie

Who won the election of 1800 by the House of Representatives?

Jefferson

What was enacted after the election of 1800?

12th amendment

The 1800 election established the principle of a _______ ________ ___ _____ between opposing political parties.

peaceful transfer of power

What was a military conflict between the US and GB from 1812 to 1815?

War of 1812

What was the US's first conflict with Britain as described below?

Britain was interfering with American Trade during Britain’s conflict with Napoleonic France. British blockade and seizure of American ships. The American government responded with the Embargo Act of 1807. All US ports were closed, and GB trade was restricted.

trade

What was the US's second conflict with Britain as described below?

American settlers expanded westward into NA-inhabited territories. These NA territories were supported by the British, with confederations such as Tecumseh’s.

expansion

What was the US's third conflict with Britain as described below?

The US sought to uphold its honor after beating the British and repeated provocations. War Hawks (Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun) pushed for war to defend American sovereignty and exploit perceived opportunity for territory (Canada).

Democratic-Republicans favored the war.

nationalism

What was the US capital at the time?

Washington DC

What was a significant act that occurred during the War of 1812 by the British?

British burned Washingtondc

What inspired the national anthem?

Fort McHenry (MD)

What is our national anthem inspired by Fort McHenry?

star spangled banner