lab practical 1

anatomy

soma

cell’s body

nucleus

a prominent feature of the cell body; contains the nucleolus

mitochondria

energy source for the neuron

rough endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus

responsible for synthesizing and packaging proteins

plasma membrane

lipid bilayer as in other cells

critical role in ion flow into and out of the neuron

axon

send info

axon hillock

the initial segment of the axon that tapers from the cell body

myelin sheath

glial cell wrapping around the axon

acts as an insulator

important for signal propagation

increase speed of transmission

node of ranvier

area that exists between the myelin sheaths

increase speed of transmission

terminal bouton (axon terminal)

the end of the axon

presynaptic component of a synapse

contains many mitochondria and synaptic vesicles

dendrites

receive info

diameter

proximal dendrites taper from the soma, and are thicker than axons

distal dendrites become thinner as they branch

dendritic spines

thorn-like projections that extend from the dendritic shaft

increase surface area of dendrites for more action potentials to occur

frontal lobe

higher cog func (judgement/thinking), primary/secondary motor cortexes, Broca’s area (speech production/ only on left side)

parietal lobe

primary/ secondary somatosensory cortexes (pressure, pain, temp), Wernicke’s area (language comprehension/ only on left side)

occipital lobe

vision (most posterior lobe)

temporal lobe

auditory areas, memory, odor detection, part of the wernicke’s area (language comprehension / only on left side)

insula

taste

superior colliculus

visual processing (posterior side of midbrain/ 2 of 2 little bumps)

inferior colliculus

auditory processing (posterior side of midbrain/ 2 of 2 little bumps)

peduncles

a group of dispersed axon fibers that collect into a compact bundle of white matter

cerebellar peduncles

contain axons that connect the cerebellum with other structures (axons from and to the spinal cord travel through the inferior cerebellar peduncle)

precentral gyrus

anterior the central sulcus

postcentral gyrus

posterior the central sulcus

central sulcus

on both hemispheres, running from left to right

parieto-occipital sulcus

between parietal and occipital lobe

lateral fissure

separates the temporal lobe form the frontal and parietal lobe

longitudinal fissure

deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres