anatomy
soma
cell’s body
nucleus
a prominent feature of the cell body; contains the nucleolus
mitochondria
energy source for the neuron
rough endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus
responsible for synthesizing and packaging proteins
plasma membrane
lipid bilayer as in other cells
critical role in ion flow into and out of the neuron
axon
send info
axon hillock
the initial segment of the axon that tapers from the cell body
myelin sheath
glial cell wrapping around the axon
acts as an insulator
important for signal propagation
increase speed of transmission
node of ranvier
area that exists between the myelin sheaths
increase speed of transmission
terminal bouton (axon terminal)
the end of the axon
presynaptic component of a synapse
contains many mitochondria and synaptic vesicles
dendrites
receive info
diameter
proximal dendrites taper from the soma, and are thicker than axons
distal dendrites become thinner as they branch
dendritic spines
thorn-like projections that extend from the dendritic shaft
increase surface area of dendrites for more action potentials to occur
frontal lobe
higher cog func (judgement/thinking), primary/secondary motor cortexes, Broca’s area (speech production/ only on left side)
parietal lobe
primary/ secondary somatosensory cortexes (pressure, pain, temp), Wernicke’s area (language comprehension/ only on left side)
occipital lobe
vision (most posterior lobe)
temporal lobe
auditory areas, memory, odor detection, part of the wernicke’s area (language comprehension / only on left side)
insula
taste
superior colliculus
visual processing (posterior side of midbrain/ 2 of 2 little bumps)
inferior colliculus
auditory processing (posterior side of midbrain/ 2 of 2 little bumps)
peduncles
a group of dispersed axon fibers that collect into a compact bundle of white matter
cerebellar peduncles
contain axons that connect the cerebellum with other structures (axons from and to the spinal cord travel through the inferior cerebellar peduncle)
precentral gyrus
anterior the central sulcus
postcentral gyrus
posterior the central sulcus
central sulcus
on both hemispheres, running from left to right
parieto-occipital sulcus
between parietal and occipital lobe
lateral fissure
separates the temporal lobe form the frontal and parietal lobe
longitudinal fissure
deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres