Chapter 11 AP Human Geography Test

This test is about industry according to the Rubenstein textbook.

What part of the U.S. has the most right-to-work laws

South

How Mexico competes with China with industry

lower shipping costs to Europe and the US.

World energy % by developed/developing countries

Developed-60%

Developing-40%

Principal source of energy in various centuries

Wood- 19th century

Coal- late 19th century

Petroleum- Second half of of the 20th century

3 principal steps of textile and apparel production

-Spinning of fibers to make yarn

-Weaving or knitting of yarn into fabric

-Assembly of fabric into products

Where factories and industrial parks are located

located near suburban highway junctions

Characteristics of the 4 modes of transportation

Trucks-short distance delivery, advantageous if the truck can reach the destination within one day, before having to stop for rest

Trains-ships to destinations that take more than one day, such as the east and west coast of the U.S., takes longer to load but won't make daily stops

Ships-used to transport over very long distances, cost per kilometer is low

Airplanes-most expensive, speedy delivery

Percent of vehicles sold in the U.S.

Produced in North America-80%

Produced in Japan-10%

Produced elsewhere-10%

Know the industries impacted by Industrial Revolution

Iron, transportation, and textiles

Know what programs give loans to poor people, especially women

Microcredit

Know why companies have moved their factories out of the Rust Belt area

the south has less expensive site factories than the north

1. The South had less expensive site factors than northern regions 

2. Southern regions had better access to deep water ports

3. The South had more advantageous relative locations. 

4. The southerly climate was an environmental push factor

5. Southern culture was a social pull factor

Largest producer of steel

China

Know how government quotas have helped periphery and semi-periphery countries

They ease the flow of goods by eliminating tariffs

Know how the core countries conduct agricultural practices

Commercial farming , know everything about it 

Large plots of land 

Machinery

Intensive labor

What type of companies own peripheral country hotels

Transnational corporations 

Know Alfred Weber’s analysis if location decision

-Manufacturing plants will locate where costs are the least, transportation is the most important cost

-Best site is where the cost to transport raw materials and finished products is the lowest

Know what exactly are maquiladoras

-factory within 35 miles from the mexican american border

-mexican women work in it

-Key factors: Proximity to US markets, Inexpensive labor, Weak regulations = environmental, labor laws

What is vertical integration

Often a manufacturing company will attempt to merge with another company that possesses forward or backwards links in the supply or production process.

Know where a business would locate its plant for weight gaining or weight losing

Bulk Gaining industries should be located closer to the market. Bulk Reducing industries should be located near raw materials and fresh resources.

What type of countries have high birth and death rates

Periphery countries such as Sub-Saharan Africa

Know the concept of just-in-time production

Companies buy or produce just what they need for short term production and order again when they need it

Know what dollarization is and where it can be found

-a country abandons its own currency and uses another country's currency 

-found in developing countries

What two countries dominate textile and manufacturing and why

China and India

Understand why foreign companies would want to locate manufacturing plants in the U.S.

Lower transportation costs and better access to markets

Know what agglomeration is and examples of it in the U.S.

When a group of industries cluster for mutual benefit 

Ex: Shopping Malls

High Tech Firms Silicon valleys because high tech companies such as Apple and Google cluster together to meet a benefit.

Stage 1 of Rostow Model

Traditional- primary, subsistence farming w limited technology, resistance to change\

Stage 2 Of Rostow Model

Pre-Conditions for Take Off-progressive leadership, greater flexibility-installation of infrastructure, and greater openness to technology

Stage 3 of Rostow Model

3rd stage: Take Off-Experiences industrial growth, urbanization, and industrialization, tech and mass production

Stage 4 of Rostow Model

4th stage:Drive to Maturity-Diffusion of technology, industrial specialization, International trade

Stage 5 of Rostow Model

5th stage: High Mass Consumption-Mass consumption, widespread production of goods and services, high incomes, majority of workers in service sector

What Rostow Model is based upon

-Rostows says all nations can develop, is a theory that outlines five stages of economic development that all countries must pass through to become fully developed

Know what dependency ratio is and how to analyze

The Dependency ratio is the percent of population that is too young or too old to work, so they depend on the working age 

How to analyze: Compare the number of dependents (children and elderly) to the number of people of working age

Know why the now defunct Detroit Denim Jean costed so much

made in America ( Detroit), higher wages caused the jeans to be extremely expensive.

Know the most important factor for industrial location

transportation cost

Know what maquiladoras are and what they are an example of

factory within 35 miles from the mexican american border

Han Young maquiladora was a plant in Tijuana that manufactured car parts for Hyundai.

Know what country was the first to industrialize

Great Britain

What type of industries is located closest to its raw material source and analyze an example

C. Nickel smelting