Quantitative Research and Variables

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the fundamental aspects of quantitative research, including its characteristics, academic applications, structural components (topic, title, gap, problem), hypotheses, ethics, RRL, and research frameworks.

Quantitative Research

A systematic way of gathering and analyzing numerical data to understand patterns, relationships, and trends, providing objective and reliable results.

STEM

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics; an academic field that uses quantitative research for tasks such as testing fertilizer effects on plant growth.

ABM

Accountancy, Business, and Management; an academic field that utilizes quantitative research to analyze how social media advertisements affect buying behavior.

HUMSS

Humanities and Social Sciences; an academic field where quantitative research is used to survey political awareness or career preferences.

ICT

Information and Communication Technology; a field that measures user response times and evaluative usability through numerical data.

Research Variables

The measurable characteristics or factors that researchers observe and analyze, which serve as the foundation of any quantitative study.

Research Topic

A general description of what is to be studied; a proposed idea or project that is not yet specifically defined.

Research Title

A clear structure consisting of $10-12$ content words that summarizes the main idea of the whole paper and describes its contents or purpose.

Research Gap

A problem or idea not yet addressed by existing research, specifying areas that are important to address in current research.

C.A.R.S. Model

The Creating A Research Space model developed by John Swales to describe the organizational pattern of writing the introduction to scholarly studies.

Move 1: Establishing a Territory

The first move in the C.A.R.S. Model where the researcher demonstrates the importance of a research area and introduces key sources.

Move 2: Establishing a Niche

The second move in the C.A.R.S. Model which involves indicating existing research gaps and establishing main questions to explore.

Move 3: Occupying the Niche

The third move in the C.A.R.S. Model where the researcher states the purpose of the study and the research limitations.

Statement of the Problem

A concise narrative that explains the research issue, its context, and the knowledge gap the study intends to address.

Research Purpose

A statement of "why" the study is being conducted, describing the goal in achieving a set of research results.

Research Questions

Focused interrogative statements that translate the research problem into answerable inquiries, following S-M-A-R-T criteria.

Factor-Isolating Question

A type of research question that aims to answer a specific category and describe a specific factor, idea, or situation.

Factor-Relating Question

A question used in non-experimental research to answer the correlation between variables and identify how factors affect one another.

Situation-Relating Question

A question used in experimental and non-experimental research to test a hypothesis and determine causality and differences among variables.

Situation-Producing Question

A question aimed at establishing the goals of the research for consistent actions and development.

Research Hypothesis

A statement created by researchers attempting to predict the outcome of a research or experiment; it must be tested but not proven.

Null Hypothesis ($H_0$)

A hypothesis indicating no significant difference, relationship, or change in the objects and results of the research study.

Alternative Hypothesis ($H_1$)

A positive hypothesis structure indicating an increase, change, or identified relationship, representing the researchers' true goal.

Review of Related Literature (RRL)

The scientific analysis of journals, articles, books, and research studies from $2021$ to the present that are relevant to the research topic.

Narrative Citation

An in-text citation style where the author's name is placed at the beginning of the sentence (e.g., Mina ($2021$) explained…).

Parenthetical Citation

An in-text citation style where the citation is placed at the end of the statement (e.g., … (Mina, $2021$)).

Synthesis

The part of an RRL that combines all studies into one general conclusion and shows how they support the current research.

Plagiarism

The practice of claiming another person's work or ideas as one's own without providing proper credit.

RA 8293

The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines, governing published works and copyright ownership.

Scope

Detailed coverage of the research, including what will be studied, where, who will participate, and the research locale.

Delimitation

The boundaries or limitations intentionally set by the researcher to exclude certain topics and keep the study focused.

Significance of the Study

A section explaining who will benefit from the research and how they will benefit, arranged from most to least directly affected.

Theoretical Framework

A structure formulated through existing theories, including the name of the theory, author, and principles, to represent important research ideas.

Conceptual Framework

A paradigm that illustrates the interdependency, hypothesized connection, and association among research variables.