Chapter 1: Transition Elements

This set of flashcards covers the uses and importance of the 1st transition series elements, including their alloys and key chemical compounds as detailed in the Chapter 1 lecture notes.

Scandium (Sc)

An element added in small amounts to mercury vapor lamps to produce high-quality light resembling sunlight for television photography at night.

Alloy of scandium with aluminum

An alloy used specifically in the manufacturing of (MIG) fighter aircraft.

Titanium (Ti)

An inert metal used in dental implants and industrial joints because it is not rejected by the body.

Alloy of titanium with aluminum

A lightweight and strong alloy used in the manufacturing of aircraft and space shuttles.

Titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$)

A compound used in sun protection cosmetics to provide a barrier against UV rays.

Alloy of vanadium with steel

An alloy characterized by high hardness and a great ability to resist corrosion, primarily used in manufacturing car springs.

Vanadium pentoxide ($V_2O_5$)

Used as a dye for ceramics and glass, and serves as a catalyst for manufacturing strong magnetic conductors and preparing $H_2SO_4$ via the contact method.

Chromium (Cr)

A transition metal primarily used in metal plating and leather tanning processes.

Chromium III oxide ($Cr_2O_3$)

A chemical compound used specifically in the manufacturing of dyes.

Potassium dichromate ($K_2Cr_2O_7$)

A chemical compound used as an oxidizing agent in various chemical processes.

Ferromanganese alloy ($\text{Mn} + \text{Fe}$)

An alloy of manganese and iron used in the construction of railway tracks.

Alloy of manganese with aluminum

An alloy used in the manufacturing of soft drinks cans due to its resistance to corrosion.

Manganese dioxide ($MnO_2$)

A strong oxidizing agent used in dry cells and as a catalyst in the decomposition of $H_2O_2$ to prepare $O_2$.

Potassium permanganate ($KMnO_4$)

An oxidizing agent and antiseptic substance used for medical and chemical purposes.

Manganese II sulphate ($MnSO_4$)

A chemical compound used specifically as a fungicide.

Iron (Fe)

Used in reinforced concrete, pylons, and surgical tools; acts as a catalyst in the Haber-Bosch ammonia process and the Fischer-Tropsch liquid fuel process.

Haber-Bosch method

A chemical process used for the manufacturing of ammonia using Iron ($Fe$) as a catalyst.

Fischer-Tropsch method

A process used to convert water gas (a mixture of $\text{H}_2 + \text{CO}$) into liquid fuel using an Iron ($Fe$) catalyst.

Iron III oxide

A compound used as red pigments in various types of paints.

Cobalt (Co)

A transition element used with iron to manufacture magnets and used in the production of dry batteries for modern cars.

Cobalt 60

An isotope that produces gamma rays with high penetrating power used for food preservation, industrial product quality detection (welding and cracks), and treating tumors.

Nickel (Ni)

A metal used for plating other metals for protection and appearance; divided nickel serves as a catalyst in the oil hydrogenation process.

Nickel-cadmium battery

A type of rechargeable battery manufactured using nickel.

Alloy of nickel with steel

A corrosion-resistant alloy used to manufacture containers for storing acids.

Alloy of nickel with chromium

An alloy used in the manufacturing of heater coils and electric furnaces due to its high resistance to heat.

Copper (Cu)

Used in the electric cables industry and coins alloy industry; it was the first metal discovered by humans.

Brass alloy ($\text{Cu} + \text{Zn}$)

An alloy of copper and zinc used for plating iron door handles.

Copper II sulphate ($CuSO_4$)

Used as an insecticide and fungicide specifically in the purification of drinking water.

Fehling solution

A copper-based compound used to detect glucose sugar; the solution changes color from blue to orange in its presence.