Medical Board & Clinical Recall Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering high-yield diagnosis, management strategies, and medical terminology from the lecture notes.

Open Globe Injury

A traumatic ocular emergency characterized by a teardrop pupil, expulsion of orbital contents, and sudden visual loss following blunt or penetrating trauma.

Rasburicase

A recombinant urate oxidase enzyme used alongside IV hydration to manage severe hyperkalemia and acute uric acid nephropathy in patients experiencing Tumor Lysis Syndrome during chemotherapy.

Abdominal Circumference

The single most effective fetal ultrasonographic parameter used to estimate and predict fetal weight in cases of chronic hypertension or intrauterine growth restriction.

Critical Language

A structured communication technique in healthcare where staff state clear, standardized phrases (e.g., 'Stop now') to immediately halt unsafe or unsterile actions.

Acalculous Cholecystitis Management

Ultrasound-guided tube cholecystostomy drainage, indicated for critically ill or burned patients presenting with gallbladder wall thickening and pericholecystic fluid without gallstones.

Amebic Liver Abscess

A liver lesion caused by Entamoeba histolytica infection, classically presenting with high fever and right upper quadrant abdominal pain in individuals returning from endemic regions.

Legionella pneumophila Pneumonia

An atypical pulmonary infection characterized by chest X-ray infiltrates, respiratory symptoms, and systemic features such as hyponatremia.

Sublay Mesh Placement

The preferred surgical depth location for mesh insertion during a ventral hernia repair.

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

A immune-mediated adverse reaction marked by a precipitate drop in platelet count (below $150 \times 10^9 / \text{L}$ or a 50% decrease) and arterial/venous thrombosis following heparin administration.

Kawasaki Disease

An acute pediatric vasculitis characterized by fever lasting at least 5 days, bilateral conjunctivitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, polymorphous rash, cracked red lips, and elevated inflammatory markers.

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

A neurodegenerative condition defined by parkinsonism, early cognitive decline, fluctuating attention, and recurrent visual hallucinations.

Intravenous Desferrioxamine

The specific chelating agent administered for acute, life-threatening iron overdose causing severe gastrointestinal symptoms and melena.

Ames Test

A bacterial mutation assay used to determine the mutagenic and potential carcinogenic effects of chemical substances or physical exposures like radiation.

Indomethacin Fetal Adverse Effect

Premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus when administered as a tocolytic agent for preterm labor prior to term.

Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) Paradoxical Embolism

A cardiac shunt mechanism allowing a deep venous thrombus (e.g., post-femur fracture) to cross directly into systemic arterial circulation, leading to a cerebral infarction.

Uterine Atony Standard Management

First-line administration of IV Oxytocin to promote uterine contraction during primary postpartum hemorrhage.

Intussusception Definitive Management

Non-surgical therapeutic air or contrast enema to reduce a sausage-shaped mass causing episodic abdominal pain and red currant jelly stools in young children.

Substance-Induced Mood Disorder

A mood disturbance presenting with manic-like features (grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, overspending) accompanied by sympathetic physical signs such as tachycardia and dilated pupils.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Screening

The key routine health screening recommended for older adult males with a significant history of cigarette smoking.

Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

A central etiology of primary amenorrhea in young females presenting with uninitiated menses despite normal Tanner V secondary sexual characteristics.